H

Hydrocarbon

CₙH₂ₙ₊₂ (alkanes), CₙH₂ₙ (alkenes), CₙH₂ₙ₋₂ (alkynes), C₆H₂ₙ₋₆ (arenes)
Quick Reference
Formula / NotationCₙH₂ₙ₊₂ (alkanes), CₙH₂ₙ (alkenes), CₙH₂ₙ₋₂ (alkynes), C₆H₂ₙ₋₆ (arenes)
Also Known AsOrganic compounds of C and H; petroleum hydrocarbons; alkanes, alkenes, arenes

What is Hydrocarbon?

An organic compound containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms. Hydrocarbons are classified as aliphatic (alkanes, alkenes, alkynes) or aromatic (benzene and derivatives). They are the main components of petroleum and natural gas, used as fuels and chemical feedstocks.

Formula & Notation

CₙH₂ₙ₊₂ (alkanes), CₙH₂ₙ (alkenes), CₙH₂ₙ₋₂ (alkynes), C₆H₂ₙ₋₆ (arenes)

Other Names / Synonyms: Organic compounds of C and H; petroleum hydrocarbons; alkanes, alkenes, arenes

Properties & Characteristics

Hydrocarbons are organic compounds consisting entirely of carbon and hydrogen atoms. They are classified as: aliphatic (alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, cycloalkanes) and aromatic (benzene and related compounds). Hydrocarbons are the primary components of petroleum, natural gas, and coal. They are nonpolar, relatively insoluble in water, and good fuels (complete combustion gives CO₂ and H₂O). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) form in incomplete combustion.

Uses & Applications

Hydrocarbons are the primary fuels (natural gas = methane, petrol = C₈H₁₈ blend, diesel = C₁₆H₃₄ blend) and chemical feedstocks (ethylene, propylene, benzene, toluene) for the chemical industry. They are used as solvents (hexane, cyclohexane, toluene), lubricants (mineral oil), and in polymer production (polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene).

Safety Information

Hydrocarbons are flammable to highly flammable; most have low flash points. Volatile hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, xylene) are toxic inhalation hazards; benzene is a known carcinogen. PAHs in combustion products are carcinogenic. Store away from ignition sources; use in well-ventilated areas.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Hydrocarbon
Formula CₙH₂ₙ₊₂ (alkanes), CₙH₂ₙ (alkenes), CₙH₂ₙ₋₂ (alkynes), C₆H₂ₙ₋₆ (arenes)
Synonyms Organic compounds of C and H; petroleum hydrocarbons; alkanes, alkenes, arenes

Frequently Asked Questions

An organic compound containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms. Hydrocarbons are classified as aliphatic (alkanes, alkenes, alkynes) or aromatic (benzene and derivatives). They are the main components of petroleum and natural gas, used as fuels and chemical feedstocks.

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