Hybridisation
| Formula / Notation | sp, sp², sp³ hybridisation; s-p mixing: σ-framework geometry |
|---|---|
| Also Known As | Orbital hybridisation (British), hybridization (American), sp³/sp²/sp hybridisation |
What is Hybridisation?
The concept in valence bond theory describing the mixing of atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals of equivalent energy for bonding. Types include sp (linear), sp² (trigonal planar), and sp³ (tetrahedral). Hybridization explains molecular geometry and bond angles.
Formula & Notation
Other Names / Synonyms: Orbital hybridisation (British), hybridization (American), sp³/sp²/sp hybridisation
Properties & Characteristics
Uses & Applications
Safety Information
Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.
Key Facts
Frequently Asked Questions
The concept in valence bond theory describing the mixing of atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals of equivalent energy for bonding. Types include sp (linear), sp² (trigonal planar), and sp³ (tetrahedral). Hybridization explains molecular geometry and bond angles.
Hybridisation rationalises molecular geometries: methane (sp³, 109.5°), ethylene (sp², 120°), acetylene (sp, 180°), and explains the bonding in aromatic systems (sp²), metal carbenes, and main group compounds. It is used in predicting reactivity, NMR chemical shifts, and IR active vibrations.
No direct safety concern. Hybridisation determines geometry, which affects pharmacological activity and toxicity (e.g., sp² flat compounds intercalate DNA more readily than sp³ compounds). Understanding hybridisation helps rationalise the reactivity and hazard of functional groups.
The formula or notation for Hybridisation is: sp, sp², sp³ hybridisation; s-p mixing: σ-framework geometry