H

Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation

pH = pKa + log([A⁻]/[HA])
Quick Reference
Formula / NotationpH = pKa + log([A⁻]/[HA])
Also Known AsHenderson-Hasselbalch equation, buffer equation, H-H equation

What is Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation?

An equation relating the pH of a buffer solution to the pKa of the weak acid and the ratio of concentrations of the conjugate base to the weak acid: pH = pKa + log([A⁻]/[HA]). Used to calculate buffer pH and to design buffer systems for specific pH values.

Formula & Notation

pH = pKa + log([A⁻]/[HA])

Other Names / Synonyms: Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, buffer equation, H-H equation

Properties & Characteristics

The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation relates the pH of a buffer solution to the pKa of the weak acid and the ratio of concentrations of conjugate base to weak acid: pH = pKa + log([A⁻]/[HA]). It is derived from the Ka expression and the definition of pH. The buffer has maximum capacity when [A⁻] = [HA] (pH = pKa). It applies accurately when buffer concentrations are much greater than [H⁺] or [OH⁻].

Uses & Applications

The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is used in: designing buffer solutions for a target pH, calculating pH of a weak acid/conjugate base mixture, determining pKa from pH measurements at known ratios, in pharmaceutical formulation of drugs requiring specific pH, and in biochemical media preparation.

Safety Information

The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation provides pH at equilibrium — the actual rate of pH change when acid or base is added depends on buffer capacity. Using a buffer outside its effective range (pH = pKa ± 1) provides inadequate pH control. Always verify pH with a calibrated electrode.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation
Formula pH = pKa + log([A⁻]/[HA])
Synonyms Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, buffer equation, H-H equation

Frequently Asked Questions

An equation relating the pH of a buffer solution to the pKa of the weak acid and the ratio of concentrations of the conjugate base to the weak acid: pH = pKa + log([A⁻]/[HA]). Used to calculate buffer pH and to design buffer systems for specific pH values.

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