S

Starch

IUPAC: amylum

(C6H10O5)n Polymers & Plastics CAS 9005-25-8
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Quick Reference
Formula / Notation(C6H10O5)n
CAS Number9005-25-8
Molecular WeightVariable (polymer)
Melting PointDecomposes
Boiling PointDecomposes
Density~1.50 g/cm³
SolubilityInsoluble in cold water; disperses on heating
Appearancewhite powder or granules
Also Known Asamylum; amylose; amylopectin; corn starch; potato starch; wheat starch
CategoryPolymers & Plastics

What is Starch?

Starch is a natural polysaccharide produced by plants as an energy storage molecule. It consists of two components: amylose (a linear polymer of α-1,4-linked glucose, typically 20–30%) and amylopectin (a highly branched polymer with α-1,4 and α-1,6 linkages, typically 70–80%). Starch granules are insoluble in cold water but gelatinise when heated, forming a viscous gel. It is the principal carbohydrate in the human diet and a major industrial raw material.

Formula & Notation

(C6H10O5)n

IUPAC Name: amylum

Other Names / Synonyms: amylum; amylose; amylopectin; corn starch; potato starch; wheat starch

Properties & Characteristics

Appearance: white powder or granules. Molecular formula: (C6H10O5)n. Density: ~1.50 g/cm³. Gelatinisation temperature: 55–85 °C (depends on source). Solubility: insoluble in cold water; swells and dissolves on heating. Caloric value: ~4 kcal/g.

Physical Data

PropertyValue
Melting PointDecomposes
Boiling PointDecomposes
Density~1.50 g/cm³
Molecular WeightVariable (polymer)
SolubilityInsoluble in cold water; disperses on heating
Appearancewhite powder or granules

Uses & Applications

Human food and animal feed (primary use). Thickener and binder in food products. Paper coating and sizing. Adhesives and glues. Textile finishing agent. Biodegradable packaging. Production of glucose syrups and ethanol.

Safety Information

Non-toxic, GRAS (Generally Recognised As Safe) food ingredient. Starch dust can form explosive suspensions in air. May cause skin and respiratory irritation in industrial powder form. Consult SDS for industrial grade material.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Starch
Formula (C6H10O5)n
CAS Number 9005-25-8
Molecular Weight Variable (polymer)
Synonyms amylum; amylose; amylopectin; corn starch; potato starch; wheat starch

Frequently Asked Questions

Starch is a natural polysaccharide produced by plants as an energy storage molecule. It consists of two components: amylose (a linear polymer of α-1,4-linked glucose, typically 20–30%) and amylopectin (a highly branched polymer with α-1,4 and α-1,6 linkages, typically 70–80%). Starch granules are insoluble in cold water but gelatinise when heated, forming a viscous gel. It is the principal carbohydrate in the human diet and a major industrial raw material.

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Editorial standards: Chemical data is sourced from peer-reviewed literature, CAS Registry, NIST WebBook, and PubChem. Safety information reflects guidance from OSHA, ECHA, and IAEA. For educational purposes only — always consult official SDS documentation and qualified professionals before handling chemicals.