S

S Orbital

ψ(1s): spherical; n=1,l=0,ml=0; holds max 2e⁻
Quick Reference
Formula / Notationψ(1s): spherical; n=1,l=0,ml=0; holds max 2e⁻
Also Known Ass-type orbital, s subshell orbital, spherical orbital

What is S Orbital?

A spherically symmetric atomic orbital with angular momentum quantum number l = 0. Each energy level contains one s orbital. The 1s orbital is the lowest energy orbital in hydrogen. S orbitals have no nodal planes through the nucleus and can hold up to 2 electrons.

Formula & Notation

ψ(1s): spherical; n=1,l=0,ml=0; holds max 2e⁻

Other Names / Synonyms: s-type orbital, s subshell orbital, spherical orbital

Properties & Characteristics

An s orbital is a spherically symmetric atomic orbital with an angular momentum quantum number l=0. It is found in every principal energy shell starting from n=1. The 1s orbital is the lowest energy orbital in hydrogen. Each s orbital can hold a maximum of two electrons with opposite spins.

Uses & Applications

The s orbital concept is fundamental to explaining the electron configurations of elements and periodic trends. Understanding s orbitals is essential for predicting bonding in molecules like H₂ and methane. The s-block elements (Groups 1 and 2) are defined by filling s orbitals.

Safety Information

S orbitals are a theoretical concept with no direct safety implications. Understanding electron configuration helps predict the reactivity of s-block metals, many of which are highly reactive.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term S Orbital
Formula ψ(1s): spherical; n=1,l=0,ml=0; holds max 2e⁻
Synonyms s-type orbital, s subshell orbital, spherical orbital

Frequently Asked Questions

A spherically symmetric atomic orbital with angular momentum quantum number l = 0. Each energy level contains one s orbital. The 1s orbital is the lowest energy orbital in hydrogen. S orbitals have no nodal planes through the nucleus and can hold up to 2 electrons.

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