P

Polyacrylonitrile

IUPAC: poly(acrylonitrile)

(C3H3N)n Polymers & Plastics CAS 25014-41-9
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Quick Reference
Formula / Notation(C3H3N)n
CAS Number25014-41-9
Molecular WeightVariable (polymer)
Melting PointDecomposes (no clear mp)
Boiling PointDecomposes >300 °C
Density1.17 g/cm³
SolubilityInsoluble in water
Appearancewhite to pale yellow fibre or solid
Also Known AsPAN; Orlon; Acrilan; Creslan; acrylic fibre precursor
CategoryPolymers & Plastics

What is Polyacrylonitrile?

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is a synthetic semicrystalline polymer resin produced by free radical polymerisation of acrylonitrile. It is predominantly used as a precursor for carbon fibre manufacture — PAN fibres are stabilised in air at 200–300 °C then carbonised at 1000–3000 °C in an inert atmosphere to produce high-strength carbon fibres. As an acrylic textile fibre (used in blends), it provides warmth and softness similar to wool.

Formula & Notation

(C3H3N)n

IUPAC Name: poly(acrylonitrile)

Other Names / Synonyms: PAN; Orlon; Acrilan; Creslan; acrylic fibre precursor

Properties & Characteristics

Appearance: white to pale yellow solid or fibre. Molecular formula: (C3H3N)n. Glass transition temperature (Tg): ~85 °C. Decomposition temperature: >300 °C. Density: 1.17 g/cm³. Solubility: insoluble in water; soluble in DMF, DMSO, and concentrated inorganic acid solutions.

Physical Data

PropertyValue
Melting PointDecomposes (no clear mp)
Boiling PointDecomposes >300 °C
Density1.17 g/cm³
Molecular WeightVariable (polymer)
SolubilityInsoluble in water
Appearancewhite to pale yellow fibre or solid

Uses & Applications

Carbon fibre precursor (primary use — over 90% of carbon fibre is PAN-based). Acrylic textile fibres (sweaters, upholstery). Filtration membranes. Reverse osmosis membranes. High-performance composites.

Safety Information

Releases toxic hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and acrylonitrile when burned or pyrolysed — serious fire hazard. Acrylonitrile monomer is a suspected carcinogen. Handle fibres with gloves to avoid skin irritation. Consult SDS before processing.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Polyacrylonitrile
Formula (C3H3N)n
CAS Number 25014-41-9
Molecular Weight Variable (polymer)
Synonyms PAN; Orlon; Acrilan; Creslan; acrylic fibre precursor

Frequently Asked Questions

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is a synthetic semicrystalline polymer resin produced by free radical polymerisation of acrylonitrile. It is predominantly used as a precursor for carbon fibre manufacture — PAN fibres are stabilised in air at 200–300 °C then carbonised at 1000–3000 °C in an inert atmosphere to produce high-strength carbon fibres. As an acrylic textile fibre (used in blends), it provides warmth and softness similar to wool.

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Editorial standards: Chemical data is sourced from peer-reviewed literature, CAS Registry, NIST WebBook, and PubChem. Safety information reflects guidance from OSHA, ECHA, and IAEA. For educational purposes only — always consult official SDS documentation and qualified professionals before handling chemicals.