P

Propionic acid

IUPAC: propanoic acid

C3H6O2 Acids CAS 79-09-4
Expert Written | Fact Checked | Sources Cited | AllChemicals Editorial Team
Quick Reference
Formula / NotationC3H6O2
CAS Number79-09-4
Molecular Weight74.08
Melting Point-6.7 °F (NTP, 1992)
Boiling Point285.3 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)
Density0.995 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float
Solubilitygreater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 72 °F (NTP, 1992)
AppearancePropionic acid is a colorless liquid with a sharp rancid odor. Produces irritating vapor. (USCG, 1999)
Also Known Aspropanoic acid; Propanoic acid; 79-09-4; methylacetic acid; ethylformic acid; Carboxyethane; Metacetonic acid; Ethanecarboxylic acid; Luprosil; Pseudoacetic acid
CategoryAcids

What is Propionic acid?

Propionic acid is a short-chain saturated fatty acid comprising ethane attached to the carbon of a carboxy group. It has a role as an antifungal drug. It is a saturated fatty acid and a short-chain fatty acid. It is a conjugate acid of a propionate.

Formula & Notation

C3H6O2

IUPAC Name: propanoic acid

Other Names / Synonyms: propanoic acid; Propanoic acid; 79-09-4; methylacetic acid; ethylformic acid; Carboxyethane; Metacetonic acid; Ethanecarboxylic acid; Luprosil; Pseudoacetic acid

Properties & Characteristics

Appearance: Propionic acid is a colorless liquid with a sharp rancid odor. Produces irritating vapor. (USCG, 1999). Molecular formula: C3H6O2. Molecular weight: 74.08 g/mol. Boiling point: 285.3 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992). Melting point: -6.7 °F (NTP, 1992). Density: 0.995 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float. Solubility: greater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 72 °F (NTP, 1992). Vapor pressure: 2.9 mmHg at 68 °F ; 10 mmHg at 103.5 °F (NTP, 1992). LogP: 0.3.

Physical Data

PropertyValue
Melting Point-6.7 °F (NTP, 1992)
Boiling Point285.3 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)
Density0.995 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float
Molecular Weight74.08
Solubilitygreater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 72 °F (NTP, 1992)
AppearancePropionic acid is a colorless liquid with a sharp rancid odor. Produces irritating vapor. (USCG, 1999)

Uses & Applications

Used in industrial chemical synthesis, fertilizer production, battery electrolytes, metal processing, and laboratory acid-base reactions.

Safety Information

Corrosive. Causes severe burns to skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. Wear appropriate PPE including gloves, goggles, and lab coat. Consult SDS before use.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Propionic acid
Formula C3H6O2
CAS Number 79-09-4
Molecular Weight 74.08
Category Acids
Synonyms propanoic acid; Propanoic acid; 79-09-4; methylacetic acid; ethylformic acid; Carboxyethane; Metacetonic acid; Ethanecarboxylic acid; Luprosil; Pseudoacetic acid

Frequently Asked Questions

Propionic acid is a short-chain saturated fatty acid comprising ethane attached to the carbon of a carboxy group. It has a role as an antifungal drug. It is a saturated fatty acid and a short-chain fatty acid. It is a conjugate acid of a propionate.

More "P" Terms

View all "P" terms →
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Editorial standards: Chemical data is sourced from peer-reviewed literature, CAS Registry, NIST WebBook, and PubChem. Safety information reflects guidance from OSHA, ECHA, and IAEA. For educational purposes only — always consult official SDS documentation and qualified professionals before handling chemicals.