N

Nitric acid

IUPAC: nitric acid

HNO3 Acids CAS 7697-37-2
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Quick Reference
Formula / NotationHNO3
CAS Number7697-37-2
Molecular Weight63.013
Melting Point-44 °F (NIOSH, 2024)
Boiling Point181 °F at 760 mmHg (NIOSH, 2024)
Density1.5 at 77 °F (NIOSH, 2024) - Denser than water; will sink
SolubilityMiscible (NIOSH, 2024)
AppearanceNitric acid, other than red fuming appears as a pale yellow to reddish brown liquid with reddish brown vapors and a suffocating odor. Very toxic by inhalation. Corrosive to metals or tissue. Accele...
Also Known As7697-37-2; Azotic acid; Aqua fortis; Salpetersaeure; Nital; HNO3; Acide nitrique; Acidum nitricum; Nitricum acidum; Nitrous fumes
CategoryAcids

What is Nitric acid?

Nitric acid is a nitrogen oxoacid of formula HNO3 in which the nitrogen atom is bonded to a hydroxy group and by equivalent bonds to the remaining two oxygen atoms. It has a role as a reagent and a protic solvent. It is a conjugate acid of a nitrate.

Formula & Notation

HNO3

IUPAC Name: nitric acid

Other Names / Synonyms: 7697-37-2; Azotic acid; Aqua fortis; Salpetersaeure; Nital; HNO3; Acide nitrique; Acidum nitricum; Nitricum acidum; Nitrous fumes

Properties & Characteristics

Appearance: Nitric acid, other than red fuming appears as a pale yellow to reddish brown liquid with reddish brown vapors and a suffocating odor. Very toxic by inhalation. Corrosive to metals or tissue. Accele.... Molecular formula: HNO3. Molecular weight: 63.013 g/mol. Boiling point: 181 °F at 760 mmHg (NIOSH, 2024). Melting point: -44 °F (NIOSH, 2024). Density: 1.5 at 77 °F (NIOSH, 2024) - Denser than water; will sink. Solubility: Miscible (NIOSH, 2024). Vapor pressure: 48 mmHg (NIOSH, 2024). LogP: 0.2.

Physical Data

PropertyValue
Melting Point-44 °F (NIOSH, 2024)
Boiling Point181 °F at 760 mmHg (NIOSH, 2024)
Density1.5 at 77 °F (NIOSH, 2024) - Denser than water; will sink
Molecular Weight63.013
SolubilityMiscible (NIOSH, 2024)
AppearanceNitric acid, other than red fuming appears as a pale yellow to reddish brown liquid with reddish brown vapors and a suffocating odor. Very toxic by inhalation. Corrosive to metals or tissue. Accele...

Uses & Applications

Used in industrial chemical synthesis, fertilizer production, battery electrolytes, metal processing, and laboratory acid-base reactions.

Safety Information

Corrosive. Causes severe burns to skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. Wear appropriate PPE including gloves, goggles, and lab coat. Consult SDS before use.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Nitric acid
Formula HNO3
CAS Number 7697-37-2
Molecular Weight 63.013
Category Acids
Synonyms 7697-37-2; Azotic acid; Aqua fortis; Salpetersaeure; Nital; HNO3; Acide nitrique; Acidum nitricum; Nitricum acidum; Nitrous fumes

Frequently Asked Questions

Nitric acid is a nitrogen oxoacid of formula HNO3 in which the nitrogen atom is bonded to a hydroxy group and by equivalent bonds to the remaining two oxygen atoms. It has a role as a reagent and a protic solvent. It is a conjugate acid of a nitrate.

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Editorial standards: Chemical data is sourced from peer-reviewed literature, CAS Registry, NIST WebBook, and PubChem. Safety information reflects guidance from OSHA, ECHA, and IAEA. For educational purposes only — always consult official SDS documentation and qualified professionals before handling chemicals.