Isotonic
| Formula / Notation | π₁ = π₂ |
|---|---|
| Also Known As | Isotonic solution, iso-osmotic solution, normal saline, physiological saline (isotonic) |
What is Isotonic?
Isotonic solutions are solutions that have the same osmotic pressure as another reference solution. In biology and medicine, isotonic solutions have the same osmotic concentration as blood plasma (~308 mOsm/kg) or intracellular fluid. Cells placed in an isotonic solution neither gain nor lose water by osmosis. Normal saline (0.9% NaCl) and 5% glucose solution are common isotonic solutions.
Formula & Notation
Other Names / Synonyms: Isotonic solution, iso-osmotic solution, normal saline, physiological saline (isotonic)
Properties & Characteristics
Uses & Applications
Safety Information
Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.
Key Facts
Frequently Asked Questions
Isotonic solutions are solutions that have the same osmotic pressure as another reference solution. In biology and medicine, isotonic solutions have the same osmotic concentration as blood plasma (~308 mOsm/kg) or intracellular fluid. Cells placed in an isotonic solution neither gain nor lose water by osmosis. Normal saline (0.9% NaCl) and 5% glucose solution are common isotonic solutions.
Intravenous (IV) fluid therapy (normal saline, lactated Ringer's). Eye drops and contact lens solutions. Blood cell storage and preservation. Tissue culture media. Pharmaceutical formulations for injection. Wound irrigation. Oral rehydration solutions.
Isotonic solutions for IV use must be sterile and pyrogen-free. Incorrect osmolarity in IV solutions causes red blood cell hemolysis (hypotonic) or crenation (hypertonic) — potentially fatal. Preparation of IV fluids requires strict pharmaceutical standards.
The formula or notation for Isotonic is: π₁ = π₂