F

Fluorescein

IUPAC: 3',6'-dihydroxyspiro[2-benzofuran-3,9'-xanthene]-1-one

C20H12O5 Indicators CAS 2321-07-5
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Quick Reference
Formula / NotationC20H12O5
CAS Number2321-07-5
Molecular Weight332.3
Melting PointDecomposes at 554 °F. In sealed tube, melts at 597-601 °F with decomposition (NTP, 1992)
SolubilityInsoluble (NTP, 1992)
AppearanceFluorescein appears as yellow amorphous solid or orange-red crystals. Latter have greenish-yellow fluorescence by reflected light. Insoluble in water. Soluble in dilute aqueous bases. Very dilute a...
Also Known As3',6'-dihydroxyspiro[2-benzofuran-3,9'-xanthene]-1-one; 2321-07-5; Solvent Yellow 94; Resorcinolphthalein; Yellow fluorescein; Fluoresceine; Fluorescein acid; 3,6-Fluorandiol; D&C Yellow No. 7; Japan Yellow 201
CategoryIndicators

What is Fluorescein?

Fluorescein (lactone form) is a xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent, detectable even when present in minute quantities. Used forensically to detect traces of blood, in analytical chemistry as an indicator in silver nitrate titrations and in microscopy. It has a role as a radioopaque medium and a fluorescent dye. It is a polyphenol, a gamma-lactone, a xanthene dye, an oxaspiro compound, an organic heteropentacyclic compound and a member of 2-benzofurans. It is functionally related to a fluorescein (acid form).

Formula & Notation

C20H12O5

IUPAC Name: 3',6'-dihydroxyspiro[2-benzofuran-3,9'-xanthene]-1-one

Other Names / Synonyms: 3',6'-dihydroxyspiro[2-benzofuran-3,9'-xanthene]-1-one; 2321-07-5; Solvent Yellow 94; Resorcinolphthalein; Yellow fluorescein; Fluoresceine; Fluorescein acid; 3,6-Fluorandiol; D&C Yellow No. 7; Japan Yellow 201

Properties & Characteristics

Appearance: Fluorescein appears as yellow amorphous solid or orange-red crystals. Latter have greenish-yellow fluorescence by reflected light. Insoluble in water. Soluble in dilute aqueous bases. Very dilute a.... Molecular formula: C20H12O5. Molecular weight: 332.3 g/mol. Melting point: Decomposes at 554 °F. In sealed tube, melts at 597-601 °F with decomposition (NTP, 1992). Solubility: Insoluble (NTP, 1992). LogP: 3.4.

Physical Data

PropertyValue
Melting PointDecomposes at 554 °F. In sealed tube, melts at 597-601 °F with decomposition (NTP, 1992)
Molecular Weight332.3
SolubilityInsoluble (NTP, 1992)
AppearanceFluorescein appears as yellow amorphous solid or orange-red crystals. Latter have greenish-yellow fluorescence by reflected light. Insoluble in water. Soluble in dilute aqueous bases. Very dilute a...

Uses & Applications

Used as a pH indicator in acid-base titrations, analytical chemistry, and chemical education demonstrations.

Safety Information

May be irritant or toxic in concentrated form. Handle with care. Consult SDS before use.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Fluorescein
Formula C20H12O5
CAS Number 2321-07-5
Molecular Weight 332.3
Category Indicators
Synonyms 3',6'-dihydroxyspiro[2-benzofuran-3,9'-xanthene]-1-one; 2321-07-5; Solvent Yellow 94; Resorcinolphthalein; Yellow fluorescein; Fluoresceine; Fluorescein acid; 3,6-Fluorandiol; D&C Yellow No. 7; Japan Yellow 201

Frequently Asked Questions

Fluorescein (lactone form) is a xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent, detectable even when present in minute quantities. Used forensically to detect traces of blood, in analytical chemistry as an indicator in silver nitrate titrations and in microscopy. It has a role as a radioopaque medium and a fluorescent dye. It is a polyphenol, a gamma-lactone, a xanthene dye, an oxaspiro compound, an organic heteropentacyclic compound and a member of 2-benzofurans. It is functionally related to a fluorescein (acid form).

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Editorial standards: Chemical data is sourced from peer-reviewed literature, CAS Registry, NIST WebBook, and PubChem. Safety information reflects guidance from OSHA, ECHA, and IAEA. For educational purposes only — always consult official SDS documentation and qualified professionals before handling chemicals.