Alkali Metals
| Formula / Notation | Group 1: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr; ns¹ valence |
|---|---|
| Also Known As | Group 1 metals; Group IA metals; ns¹ metals; lithium group metals |
What is Alkali Metals?
The alkali metals are the six elements in Group 1 (IA) of the periodic table: lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), caesium (Cs), and francium (Fr). They all have one electron in their outermost s-orbital and are the most reactive metals, readily losing this electron to form +1 cations. They react vigorously with water to produce hydrogen gas and metal hydroxide.
Formula & Notation
Other Names / Synonyms: Group 1 metals; Group IA metals; ns¹ metals; lithium group metals
Properties & Characteristics
Uses & Applications
Safety Information
Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.
Key Facts
Frequently Asked Questions
The alkali metals are the six elements in Group 1 (IA) of the periodic table: lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), caesium (Cs), and francium (Fr). They all have one electron in their outermost s-orbital and are the most reactive metals, readily losing this electron to form +1 cations. They react vigorously with water to produce hydrogen gas and metal hydroxide.
Sodium in street lamps (Na vapour lamps); lithium batteries (Li-ion cells); sodium hydroxide (NaOH) manufacture; potassium in fertilisers; rubidium in atomic clocks; caesium in photoelectric cells; lithium in psychiatric medications
Extremely reactive — react violently with water producing flammable H₂ gas and caustic hydroxides. K, Rb, Cs can ignite spontaneously in air. Store under mineral oil or dry inert gas. Never use water to extinguish alkali metal fires (use dry sand). Wear full PPE.
The formula or notation for Alkali Metals is: Group 1: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr; ns¹ valence