A

Acetic Acid

CH₃COOH (C₂H₄O₂)
Quick Reference
Formula / NotationCH₃COOH (C₂H₄O₂)
Also Known AsEthanoic acid; glacial acetic acid (anhydrous); vinegar acid; CH₃CO₂H; AcOH; E260 (food additive)

What is Acetic Acid?

Acetic acid is a weak organic acid with a distinctive pungent smell. It is the main component of vinegar (4–8% solution) and is one of the simplest carboxylic acids. It is widely used as a chemical reagent, solvent, and in the food industry. Its systematic IUPAC name is ethanoic acid.

Formula & Notation

CH₃COOH (C₂H₄O₂)

Other Names / Synonyms: Ethanoic acid; glacial acetic acid (anhydrous); vinegar acid; CH₃CO₂H; AcOH; E260 (food additive)

Properties & Characteristics

Molecular weight: 60.05 g/mol; melting point: 16.6°C; boiling point: 117.9°C; density: 1.049 g/cm³; pKa: 4.76; miscible with water, ethanol, and ether; colourless liquid with pungent vinegar odour

Uses & Applications

Solvent and reagent in chemical synthesis; production of vinyl acetate, acetate esters, cellulose acetate; food preservative and flavouring (vinegar); manufacture of plastics, pharmaceuticals, dyes, and perfumes

Safety Information

Corrosive — concentrated acetic acid causes severe burns to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Flammable liquid (flash point: 39°C). Vapours are irritating. Use in a fume hood with gloves, goggles, and lab coat. Store away from oxidisers.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Acetic Acid
Formula CH₃COOH (C₂H₄O₂)
Synonyms Ethanoic acid; glacial acetic acid (anhydrous); vinegar acid; CH₃CO₂H; AcOH; E260 (food additive)

Frequently Asked Questions

Acetic acid is a weak organic acid with a distinctive pungent smell. It is the main component of vinegar (4–8% solution) and is one of the simplest carboxylic acids. It is widely used as a chemical reagent, solvent, and in the food industry. Its systematic IUPAC name is ethanoic acid.

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