A

Alcohol

R-OH (general); e.g., CH₃OH, C₂H₅OH
Quick Reference
Formula / NotationR-OH (general); e.g., CH₃OH, C₂H₅OH
Also Known AsAlkanol; hydroxyl compound; carbinol; R-OH compounds

What is Alcohol?

Alcohols are organic compounds containing one or more hydroxyl (–OH) groups attached to a saturated carbon atom. They are classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary based on the number of carbon atoms attached to the carbon bearing the –OH group. Common examples include methanol (wood alcohol), ethanol (drinking alcohol), and isopropanol.

Formula & Notation

R-OH (general); e.g., CH₃OH, C₂H₅OH

Other Names / Synonyms: Alkanol; hydroxyl compound; carbinol; R-OH compounds

Properties & Characteristics

General formula: R-OH (monohydric); contain –OH functional group; hydrogen bond donors and acceptors; lower alcohols are miscible with water; boiling points higher than corresponding hydrocarbons; amphoteric (weak acid and weak base behaviour); can be oxidised to aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids

Uses & Applications

Solvents (ethanol, isopropanol); beverages (ethanol); antiseptics and disinfectants (isopropanol, ethanol); pharmaceutical synthesis; fuel (methanol, ethanol); production of esters, aldehydes, ketones; cosmetics and personal care products

Safety Information

Flammable liquids — most alcohols have low flash points. Methanol is highly toxic (ingestion/inhalation can cause blindness and death). Ethanol is relatively safe in dilute form but CNS depressant. Isopropanol is toxic if ingested. Store away from flames and oxidisers.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Alcohol
Formula R-OH (general); e.g., CH₃OH, C₂H₅OH
Synonyms Alkanol; hydroxyl compound; carbinol; R-OH compounds

Frequently Asked Questions

Alcohols are organic compounds containing one or more hydroxyl (–OH) groups attached to a saturated carbon atom. They are classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary based on the number of carbon atoms attached to the carbon bearing the –OH group. Common examples include methanol (wood alcohol), ethanol (drinking alcohol), and isopropanol.

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