A

Addition Reaction

A + B → AB (no atoms lost)
Quick Reference
Formula / NotationA + B → AB (no atoms lost)
Also Known AsElectrophilic addition; nucleophilic addition; radical addition; 1,2-addition; 1,4-addition (conjugated systems)

What is Addition Reaction?

An addition reaction is a chemical reaction in which two or more molecules combine to form a single larger molecule, with no atoms lost as byproducts. Addition reactions typically occur across multiple bonds (C=C, C=O, C≡C). Common types include electrophilic addition (e.g., HBr to alkenes), nucleophilic addition (e.g., to carbonyls), and radical addition.

Formula & Notation

A + B → AB (no atoms lost)

Other Names / Synonyms: Electrophilic addition; nucleophilic addition; radical addition; 1,2-addition; 1,4-addition (conjugated systems)

Properties & Characteristics

Occurs across double or triple bonds; increases degree of saturation; no leaving groups involved; contrast with elimination (reverse) and substitution reactions; types: electrophilic, nucleophilic, radical; obeys Markovnikov's rule for HX addition to asymmetric alkenes

Uses & Applications

Hydrogenation of alkenes and alkynes (margarine production from vegetable oils); halogenation reactions; polymerisation (addition polymers like polyethylene); synthesis of alcohols, halides, and other organic compounds

Safety Information

Depends on reagents used — HBr, Cl₂, and HCN are toxic or corrosive. Hydrogenation requires H₂ gas under pressure (explosive). Always use appropriate PPE and fume hoods. Follow specific hazard guidelines for each reagent.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Addition Reaction
Formula A + B → AB (no atoms lost)
Synonyms Electrophilic addition; nucleophilic addition; radical addition; 1,2-addition; 1,4-addition (conjugated systems)

Frequently Asked Questions

An addition reaction is a chemical reaction in which two or more molecules combine to form a single larger molecule, with no atoms lost as byproducts. Addition reactions typically occur across multiple bonds (C=C, C=O, C≡C). Common types include electrophilic addition (e.g., HBr to alkenes), nucleophilic addition (e.g., to carbonyls), and radical addition.

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