A

Acyl Group

R-C(=O)- or RCO-
Quick Reference
Formula / NotationR-C(=O)- or RCO-
Also Known AsAcyl radical; RCO group; carbonyl group (as substituent); acetyl group (when R = CH₃)

What is Acyl Group?

An acyl group is a functional group derived from a carboxylic acid by the removal of a hydroxyl (–OH) group, leaving a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to one organic substituent (R). The general formula is RCO–. Acyl groups are important in the formation of esters, amides, acid chlorides, and acid anhydrides.

Formula & Notation

R-C(=O)- or RCO-

Other Names / Synonyms: Acyl radical; RCO group; carbonyl group (as substituent); acetyl group (when R = CH₃)

Properties & Characteristics

General formula: R-CO-; electron-withdrawing group due to C=O; carbonyl carbon is electrophilic; participates in nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions; common examples: acetyl (CH₃CO-), benzoyl (C₆H₅CO-), formyl (HCO-)

Uses & Applications

Key functional group in organic synthesis for forming esters, amides, anhydrides, and acid halides; acetyl group important in biochemistry (acetylation of proteins and DNA); benzoyl group in pharmaceutical synthesis; formyl group in aldehyde chemistry

Safety Information

Acyl-containing compounds are often reactive and may be corrosive or toxic. Acid chlorides (containing RCO–Cl) are highly reactive with water and corrosive. Handle acyl compounds with appropriate PPE and in a fume hood.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Acyl Group
Formula R-C(=O)- or RCO-
Synonyms Acyl radical; RCO group; carbonyl group (as substituent); acetyl group (when R = CH₃)

Frequently Asked Questions

An acyl group is a functional group derived from a carboxylic acid by the removal of a hydroxyl (–OH) group, leaving a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to one organic substituent (R). The general formula is RCO–. Acyl groups are important in the formation of esters, amides, acid chlorides, and acid anhydrides.

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