G

Gravimetric Analysis

Precipitate mass → moles → analyte mass; % = (m_analyte/m_sample) × 100
Quick Reference
Formula / NotationPrecipitate mass → moles → analyte mass; % = (m_analyte/m_sample) × 100
Also Known AsGravimetry, precipitation gravimetry, volatilisation gravimetry

What is Gravimetric Analysis?

A quantitative analytical method that determines the amount of a substance by measuring mass. A component is separated from a sample (usually by precipitation) and weighed precisely. Gravimetric analysis is highly accurate and is used as a reference method in analytical chemistry.

Formula & Notation

Precipitate mass → moles → analyte mass; % = (m_analyte/m_sample) × 100

Other Names / Synonyms: Gravimetry, precipitation gravimetry, volatilisation gravimetry

Properties & Characteristics

Gravimetric analysis is a quantitative analytical technique that determines the amount of an analyte by measuring the mass of a solid product derived from it (by precipitation, volatilisation, or electrogravimetry). The precipitate must be of known, definite composition. Precision is limited by filter paper tare, incomplete precipitation, coprecipitation, and drying completeness. Detection limits are typically in the milligram range.

Uses & Applications

Gravimetric analysis is used for: sulfate determination (precipitated as BaSO₄), chloride determination (as AgCl), silicon (as SiO₂), water content (loss on drying), ash content of coal/organics, and as primary standardisation. It provides absolute (traceable) results without calibration standards.

Safety Information

Precipitation reagents in gravimetric analysis may be toxic (BaCl₂ for sulfate — barium is toxic; AgNO₃ for chloride — silver compounds stain skin). Hazardous vapours may be evolved during ignition of precipitates. Use appropriate PPE and conduct ignitions in a muffle furnace with proper ventilation.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Gravimetric Analysis
Formula Precipitate mass → moles → analyte mass; % = (m_analyte/m_sample) × 100
Synonyms Gravimetry, precipitation gravimetry, volatilisation gravimetry

Frequently Asked Questions

A quantitative analytical method that determines the amount of a substance by measuring mass. A component is separated from a sample (usually by precipitation) and weighed precisely. Gravimetric analysis is highly accurate and is used as a reference method in analytical chemistry.

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