Gibbs Free Energy
| Formula / Notation | ΔG = ΔH − TΔS | ΔG° = −RT ln K |
|---|---|
| Also Known As | Gibbs free energy, Gibbs energy, Free enthalpy |
What is Gibbs Free Energy?
A thermodynamic state function (G) that predicts the spontaneity of a process at constant temperature and pressure: ΔG = ΔH - TΔS. A negative ΔG indicates a spontaneous process; positive ΔG indicates non-spontaneous. At equilibrium, ΔG = 0. Named after Josiah Willard Gibbs.
Formula & Notation
Other Names / Synonyms: Gibbs free energy, Gibbs energy, Free enthalpy
Properties & Characteristics
Uses & Applications
Safety Information
Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.
Key Facts
Frequently Asked Questions
A thermodynamic state function (G) that predicts the spontaneity of a process at constant temperature and pressure: ΔG = ΔH - TΔS. A negative ΔG indicates a spontaneous process; positive ΔG indicates non-spontaneous. At equilibrium, ΔG = 0. Named after Josiah Willard Gibbs.
Predicting reaction spontaneity. Calculating electrochemical cell voltages. Biochemistry: ATP hydrolysis (ΔG° = −30.5 kJ/mol) drives metabolic reactions. Industrial process optimization. Calculating maximum work extractable from reactions. Protein folding stability analysis. Drug-receptor binding en…
Theoretical concept. Large negative ΔG values indicate highly exothermic or entropy-driven reactions that may proceed explosively — critical to recognize when designing experiments.
The formula or notation for Gibbs Free Energy is: ΔG = ΔH − TΔS | ΔG° = −RT ln K