C

Cyclotron

f = qB/(2πm)
Quick Reference
Formula / Notationf = qB/(2πm)
Also Known AsParticle accelerator, circular accelerator, medical cyclotron

What is Cyclotron?

A cyclotron is a type of circular particle accelerator in which charged particles are accelerated using alternating electric fields and kept on a spiral path by a static magnetic field. As particles gain energy, the radius of their circular path increases. Cyclotrons are used to produce radioactive isotopes for medical imaging (PET scans) and to study nuclear reactions.

Formula & Notation

f = qB/(2πm)

Other Names / Synonyms: Particle accelerator, circular accelerator, medical cyclotron

Properties & Characteristics

A cyclotron is a type of particle accelerator in which charged particles (protons, deuterons, alpha particles) are accelerated in a spiral path by a combination of a static magnetic field (which curves the path) and an alternating electric field (which accelerates particles each half-orbit). Particles gain energy each time they cross the gap between the D-shaped electrodes (dees), spiralling outward as energy increases.

Uses & Applications

Cyclotrons are used to produce radioisotopes for medical imaging (¹⁸F for PET, ¹¹C, ¹³N, ¹⁵O), for cancer therapy (proton therapy cyclotrons), and in nuclear physics research. Hospital-based cyclotrons produce short-lived PET tracers on-site.

Safety Information

Cyclotrons produce intense ionising radiation during operation and activate surrounding materials with neutrons and secondary particles. Operations require thick concrete/water shielding, interlocked access systems, radiation monitoring, and trained radiation protection personnel.

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Key Facts

Term Cyclotron
Formula f = qB/(2πm)
Synonyms Particle accelerator, circular accelerator, medical cyclotron

Frequently Asked Questions

A cyclotron is a type of circular particle accelerator in which charged particles are accelerated using alternating electric fields and kept on a spiral path by a static magnetic field. As particles gain energy, the radius of their circular path increases. Cyclotrons are used to produce radioactive isotopes for medical imaging (PET scans) and to study nuclear reactions.

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