C

Calcium carbide

IUPAC: calcium acetylide

CaC2 Inorganic Compounds CAS 75-20-7
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Quick Reference
Formula / NotationCaC2
CAS Number75-20-7
Molecular Weight64.10
Melting Point2160 °C
Boiling Point2160 °C (decomposes)
Density2.22 g/cm³
SolubilityReacts with water
Appearancegrey to black crystalline solid
Also Known Ascalcium acetylide; acetylene stone; calcium dicarbide
CategoryInorganic Compounds

What is Calcium carbide?

Calcium carbide (CaC2) is an inorganic compound produced by heating calcium oxide with coke in an electric arc furnace at approximately 2000 °C. It is the primary industrial source of acetylene gas and is used in the production of calcium cyanamide fertiliser. When calcium carbide reacts with water, it produces acetylene and calcium hydroxide.

Formula & Notation

CaC2

IUPAC Name: calcium acetylide

Other Names / Synonyms: calcium acetylide; acetylene stone; calcium dicarbide

Properties & Characteristics

Appearance: grey to black crystalline solid (pure form is colourless). Molecular formula: CaC2. Molecular weight: 64.10 g/mol. Melting point: 2160 °C. Density: 2.22 g/cm³. Solubility: reacts vigorously with water producing acetylene.

Physical Data

PropertyValue
Melting Point2160 °C
Boiling Point2160 °C (decomposes)
Density2.22 g/cm³
Molecular Weight64.10
SolubilityReacts with water
Appearancegrey to black crystalline solid

Uses & Applications

Production of acetylene gas for welding and cutting. Synthesis of calcium cyanamide (fertiliser). Organic synthesis via acetylene chemistry. Carbide lamps and lighting. Ripening agent for fruits (via ethylene generated from acetylene).

Safety Information

Reacts violently with water producing flammable acetylene gas. Keep away from moisture. Flammable and explosive hazard. Causes chemical burns. Store in dry, sealed containers. Wear PPE — gloves, goggles, respiratory protection. Consult SDS before use.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Calcium carbide
Formula CaC2
CAS Number 75-20-7
Molecular Weight 64.10
Synonyms calcium acetylide; acetylene stone; calcium dicarbide

Frequently Asked Questions

Calcium carbide (CaC2) is an inorganic compound produced by heating calcium oxide with coke in an electric arc furnace at approximately 2000 °C. It is the primary industrial source of acetylene gas and is used in the production of calcium cyanamide fertiliser. When calcium carbide reacts with water, it produces acetylene and calcium hydroxide.

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Editorial standards: Chemical data is sourced from peer-reviewed literature, CAS Registry, NIST WebBook, and PubChem. Safety information reflects guidance from OSHA, ECHA, and IAEA. For educational purposes only — always consult official SDS documentation and qualified professionals before handling chemicals.