C

Covalent Compounds

Quick Reference
Also Known AsMolecular compounds, covalent molecules, nonmetal compounds

What is Covalent Compounds?

Covalent compounds are substances whose atoms are held together by covalent bonds rather than ionic bonds. They consist of discrete molecules (molecular compounds) or extended covalent networks (giant covalent structures such as diamond and silicon dioxide). Molecular covalent compounds typically have lower melting points than ionic compounds and are often soluble in non-polar solvents.

Properties & Characteristics

Covalent compounds are formed when atoms share electron pairs rather than transferring them. They are typically composed of nonmetals bonded by one or more shared electron pairs (single, double, or triple bonds). Covalent compounds are usually molecular, with distinct molecules, and tend to have lower melting and boiling points than ionic compounds. They are often poor electrical conductors (no free ions) but network covalent solids (SiO₂, diamond) have very high melting points.

Uses & Applications

Covalent compounds are the basis of all organic chemistry and most biochemistry. They include water, carbon dioxide, organic solvents, pharmaceuticals, polymers, and virtually all biological molecules (DNA, proteins, lipids). Industrial organic chemicals (ethylene, benzene, acetylene) are covalent.

Safety Information

Covalent compounds include some of the most toxic substances known (dioxins, nerve agents, HCN). Volatility of many covalent compounds creates inhalation hazards. Flammable organic solvents are common laboratory and industrial hazards. Always consult SDS before handling.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Covalent Compounds
Synonyms Molecular compounds, covalent molecules, nonmetal compounds

Frequently Asked Questions

Covalent compounds are substances whose atoms are held together by covalent bonds rather than ionic bonds. They consist of discrete molecules (molecular compounds) or extended covalent networks (giant covalent structures such as diamond and silicon dioxide). Molecular covalent compounds typically have lower melting points than ionic compounds and are often soluble in non-polar solvents.

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