Covalent Bond
| Formula / Notation | A:B (shared electron pair) | e.g., H₂: H−H, H₂O: H−O−H |
|---|---|
| Also Known As | Molecular bond, Shared electron bond, Electron pair bond |
What is Covalent Bond?
A covalent bond is a chemical bond formed by the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between two atoms, typically between non-metal atoms. Single bonds share one pair, double bonds share two, and triple bonds share three pairs. Covalent bonds result from the overlap of atomic orbitals. Bond strength and length depend on bond order and the atoms involved.
Formula & Notation
Other Names / Synonyms: Molecular bond, Shared electron bond, Electron pair bond
Properties & Characteristics
Uses & Applications
Safety Information
Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.
Key Facts
Frequently Asked Questions
A covalent bond is a chemical bond formed by the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between two atoms, typically between non-metal atoms. Single bonds share one pair, double bonds share two, and triple bonds share three pairs. Covalent bonds result from the overlap of atomic orbitals. Bond strength and length depend on bond order and the atoms involved.
Fundamental to all organic chemistry (C−H, C−C, C=O bonds). Biological macromolecules: peptide bonds in proteins, phosphodiester bonds in DNA, glycosidic bonds in carbohydrates. Polymer chemistry: C−C backbone in polyethylene. Pharmaceutical design based on covalent bond reactivity. Materials scienc…
Covalent bond strength determines reactivity. Weak covalent bonds (O−O peroxides, N−N azo groups) may rupture exothermically — explosion hazard. Strong covalent bonds in polymers make plastics resistant to degradation. Carbon-fluorine bond (very strong, ~488 kJ/mol) makes PFAS compounds environmenta…
The formula or notation for Covalent Bond is: A:B (shared electron pair) | e.g., H₂: H−H, H₂O: H−O−H