C

Copper

Cu
Quick Reference
Formula / NotationCu
Also Known AsCu, cuprum, copper metal, cuprous (Cu⁺), cupric (Cu²⁺)

What is Copper?

Copper (Cu, atomic number 29) is a soft, malleable, ductile metal with high electrical and thermal conductivity. It was one of the first metals used by humans. Copper forms +1 (cuprous) and +2 (cupric) ions, exhibits characteristic blue-green compounds (such as copper sulfate CuSO₄), and is essential for many biological enzymes. It is widely used in electrical wiring, plumbing, and alloys (brass, bronze).

Formula & Notation

Cu

Other Names / Synonyms: Cu, cuprum, copper metal, cuprous (Cu⁺), cupric (Cu²⁺)

Properties & Characteristics

Copper is a reddish-brown transition metal with exceptional electrical and thermal conductivity. It forms two common oxidation states: Cu⁺ (cuprous) and Cu²⁺ (cupric). Copper compounds are often brightly coloured (blue CuSO₄·5H₂O, green patina of basic copper carbonate). It is a biologically essential trace element (enzyme cofactor). Copper slowly tarnishes in air and develops a green patina (verdigris: Cu₂(OH)₂CO₃).

Uses & Applications

Copper is the primary metal for electrical wiring and circuitry (high conductivity). It is used in plumbing, roofing, coinage (bronze = Cu+Sn, brass = Cu+Zn), heat exchangers, and as a catalyst (Cu/ZnO for methanol synthesis). Copper compounds are used as fungicides (Bordeaux mixture), wood preservatives, and pigments.

Safety Information

Copper metal and compounds are moderately toxic; ingestion of soluble copper salts causes gastrointestinal distress. Cu²⁺ is acutely toxic to aquatic organisms. Industrial copper fume exposure (welding) can cause metal fume fever. Dust and fume control measures are required.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Copper
Formula Cu
Synonyms Cu, cuprum, copper metal, cuprous (Cu⁺), cupric (Cu²⁺)

Frequently Asked Questions

Copper (Cu, atomic number 29) is a soft, malleable, ductile metal with high electrical and thermal conductivity. It was one of the first metals used by humans. Copper forms +1 (cuprous) and +2 (cupric) ions, exhibits characteristic blue-green compounds (such as copper sulfate CuSO₄), and is essential for many biological enzymes. It is widely used in electrical wiring, plumbing, and alloys (brass, bronze).

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