C

Coordination Number

CN = number of donor atoms bonded to central metal; common: 2, 4, 6
Quick Reference
Formula / NotationCN = number of donor atoms bonded to central metal; common: 2, 4, 6
Also Known AsCN (coordination), ligand number, denticity context, coordination index

What is Coordination Number?

The coordination number in a coordination compound is the number of donor atoms (from ligands) directly bonded to the central metal ion. Common coordination numbers are 2 (linear), 4 (tetrahedral or square planar), and 6 (octahedral). In crystal structures, coordination number refers to the number of nearest neighbours surrounding a particular atom or ion.

Formula & Notation

CN = number of donor atoms bonded to central metal; common: 2, 4, 6

Other Names / Synonyms: CN (coordination), ligand number, denticity context, coordination index

Properties & Characteristics

Coordination number is the number of ligand donor atoms directly bonded to the central metal atom or ion in a coordination compound. Common coordination numbers: 2 (linear, e.g., [Ag(NH₃)₂]⁺), 4 (tetrahedral or square planar, e.g., [CuCl₄]²⁻, [Pt(NH₃)₂Cl₂]), 6 (octahedral, e.g., [Co(NH₃)₆]³⁺). It is determined by metal ion size, charge, and electronic configuration.

Uses & Applications

Coordination number determines molecular geometry and is central to VSEPR application in coordination chemistry, Crystal Field Theory analysis, and ligand field stabilisation energy (CFSE) calculations. It guides the design of selective chelating agents and metal-based drugs.

Safety Information

No direct safety concern. Knowing the coordination number helps predict whether all sites on a toxic metal ion (e.g., Pt²⁺ in cisplatin) are occupied by protective ligands vs. available for binding to DNA or proteins.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Coordination Number
Formula CN = number of donor atoms bonded to central metal; common: 2, 4, 6
Synonyms CN (coordination), ligand number, denticity context, coordination index

Frequently Asked Questions

The coordination number in a coordination compound is the number of donor atoms (from ligands) directly bonded to the central metal ion. Common coordination numbers are 2 (linear), 4 (tetrahedral or square planar), and 6 (octahedral). In crystal structures, coordination number refers to the number of nearest neighbours surrounding a particular atom or ion.

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