C

Coordinate Covalent Bond

L: → M (donor-acceptor bond; also called dative bond)
Quick Reference
Formula / NotationL: → M (donor-acceptor bond; also called dative bond)
Also Known AsDative bond, donor-acceptor bond, coordinate bond, Lewis acid-base bond

What is Coordinate Covalent Bond?

A coordinate covalent bond (dative bond) is a covalent bond in which both electrons in the shared pair are donated by the same atom, called the donor. The atom accepting the electron pair is the acceptor. Once formed, a coordinate bond is indistinguishable from an ordinary covalent bond. It is important in the formation of complex ions and Lewis acid-base adducts.

Formula & Notation

L: → M (donor-acceptor bond; also called dative bond)

Other Names / Synonyms: Dative bond, donor-acceptor bond, coordinate bond, Lewis acid-base bond

Properties & Characteristics

A coordinate covalent bond (also called a dative bond) is a covalent bond in which both electrons in the shared pair are provided by one atom (the donor). This is in contrast to a standard covalent bond where each atom contributes one electron. The donor atom uses a lone pair; the acceptor atom has an empty orbital. Once formed, the bond is indistinguishable from a normal covalent bond in terms of properties.

Uses & Applications

Coordinate bonds are central to coordination chemistry (metal-ligand bonding), Lewis acid-base chemistry (BF₃:NH₃), biochemistry (metal-enzyme active sites), and in adducts of boranes. They explain the bonding in complex ions and organometallic compounds.

Safety Information

Compounds formed via coordinate bonds (BF₃ complexes, metal-cyanide complexes) vary widely in hazard. BF₃ etherate releases corrosive BF₃ gas on hydrolysis. Coordinate complexes of highly toxic ligands (CO, CN⁻) must be handled with extreme care.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Coordinate Covalent Bond
Formula L: → M (donor-acceptor bond; also called dative bond)
Synonyms Dative bond, donor-acceptor bond, coordinate bond, Lewis acid-base bond

Frequently Asked Questions

A coordinate covalent bond (dative bond) is a covalent bond in which both electrons in the shared pair are donated by the same atom, called the donor. The atom accepting the electron pair is the acceptor. Once formed, a coordinate bond is indistinguishable from an ordinary covalent bond. It is important in the formation of complex ions and Lewis acid-base adducts.

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