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Condensed Phases

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Also Known AsCondensed matter, condensed state, liquid and solid phases

What is Condensed Phases?

Condensed phases are the solid and liquid states of matter, as distinct from the gaseous state. In condensed phases, particles are in close contact and intermolecular forces are significant. The properties of condensed phases—density, surface tension, viscosity, and thermal expansion—are determined largely by the strength and nature of these intermolecular attractions.

Properties & Characteristics

Condensed phases refer to the liquid and solid states of matter, characterised by close packing of particles with significant intermolecular interactions. Unlike gases, condensed phases are nearly incompressible and have definite volume (solids also have definite shape). They are described by equations of state that account for intermolecular attractions and finite molecular volumes (van der Waals equation for real gases also applies near condensation).

Uses & Applications

Understanding condensed phase behaviour is essential in materials science, chemical engineering (distillation, crystallisation), and physical chemistry (thermodynamics of phase transitions). Most industrial chemistry and biological processes occur in condensed phases.

Safety Information

Condensed phase reactions can release energy rapidly (runaway exotherms in concentrated solutions or melts). Thermal properties of condensed phases must be characterised before scale-up. Cryogenic condensed phases (liquid N₂, liquid O₂) present asphyxiation and explosion hazards.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Condensed Phases
Synonyms Condensed matter, condensed state, liquid and solid phases

Frequently Asked Questions

Condensed phases are the solid and liquid states of matter, as distinct from the gaseous state. In condensed phases, particles are in close contact and intermolecular forces are significant. The properties of condensed phases—density, surface tension, viscosity, and thermal expansion—are determined largely by the strength and nature of these intermolecular attractions.

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