C

Cloud Chamber

Quick Reference
Also Known AsWilson cloud chamber, expansion cloud chamber, diffusion cloud chamber

What is Cloud Chamber?

A cloud chamber is a particle detector consisting of a sealed container with a supersaturated vapour of water or alcohol. When charged particles (such as alpha or beta particles) pass through, they ionise the vapour and create visible condensation trails. Invented by C.T.R. Wilson, cloud chambers were crucial in early nuclear physics research.

Properties & Characteristics

A cloud chamber is a particle detection device filled with supersaturated water or alcohol vapour. When ionising radiation passes through, it creates ions that act as condensation nuclei, producing visible droplet tracks. Alpha particles create dense, straight tracks; beta particles produce thinner, irregular tracks; gamma rays show sparse, scattered electron tracks. Developed by C.T.R. Wilson (1911 Nobel Prize, 1927).

Uses & Applications

Cloud chambers were used to discover the positron (Anderson, 1932), to study cosmic rays, and to visualise nuclear reactions. Modern versions are used as educational demonstrations and in nuclear physics research. They have been largely superseded by bubble chambers and wire chambers.

Safety Information

Cloud chambers using alcohol vapour (isopropanol or ethanol) present flammability hazards. Dry ice (CO₂) used for cooling can cause cryogenic burns. Radioactive sources used in demonstrations require appropriate licensing and handling procedures.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Cloud Chamber
Synonyms Wilson cloud chamber, expansion cloud chamber, diffusion cloud chamber

Frequently Asked Questions

A cloud chamber is a particle detector consisting of a sealed container with a supersaturated vapour of water or alcohol. When charged particles (such as alpha or beta particles) pass through, they ionise the vapour and create visible condensation trails. Invented by C.T.R. Wilson, cloud chambers were crucial in early nuclear physics research.

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