Chain Reaction
| Formula / Notation | X• + RH → R• + HX; R• + X₂ → RX + X• |
|---|---|
| Also Known As | Chain mechanism, radical chain reaction, nuclear chain reaction, self-propagating reaction |
What is Chain Reaction?
A chain reaction is a self-sustaining sequence of reactions in which one of the products or by-products causes subsequent reactions of the same kind. In nuclear chemistry, a chain reaction occurs when neutrons released from fission cause further fissions. In organic chemistry, free radical chain reactions (initiation, propagation, termination) are important in polymerisation and combustion.
Formula & Notation
Other Names / Synonyms: Chain mechanism, radical chain reaction, nuclear chain reaction, self-propagating reaction
Properties & Characteristics
Uses & Applications
Safety Information
Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.
Key Facts
Frequently Asked Questions
A chain reaction is a self-sustaining sequence of reactions in which one of the products or by-products causes subsequent reactions of the same kind. In nuclear chemistry, a chain reaction occurs when neutrons released from fission cause further fissions. In organic chemistry, free radical chain reactions (initiation, propagation, termination) are important in polymerisation and combustion.
Chain reactions are exploited in polymer synthesis (radical chain polymerisation), combustion engineering, explosives design, and nuclear power generation. Understanding chain reactions is critical in designing reactors with controlled criticality and in fire suppression chemistry.
Uncontrolled chain reactions pose severe hazards: nuclear criticality accidents, explosive decomposition of peroxides and certain monomers, and runaway combustion. Inhibitors (chain terminators), critical mass control, and fire suppressants (halons, CO₂) are used as safety measures.
The formula or notation for Chain Reaction is: X• + RH → R• + HX; R• + X₂ → RX + X•