Brønsted-Lowry Acid
| Formula / Notation | HA + B → A⁻ + BH⁺ |
|---|---|
| Also Known As | Proton donor, Brønsted acid, protic acid, protonic acid |
What is Brønsted-Lowry Acid?
A Brønsted-Lowry acid is any species capable of donating a proton (H⁺) to another species. This definition, proposed independently by Johannes Brønsted and Thomas Lowry in 1923, extends the earlier Arrhenius definition by not requiring the presence of water. Every Brønsted-Lowry acid has a conjugate base formed by the loss of a proton.
Formula & Notation
Other Names / Synonyms: Proton donor, Brønsted acid, protic acid, protonic acid
Properties & Characteristics
Uses & Applications
Safety Information
Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.
Key Facts
Frequently Asked Questions
A Brønsted-Lowry acid is any species capable of donating a proton (H⁺) to another species. This definition, proposed independently by Johannes Brønsted and Thomas Lowry in 1923, extends the earlier Arrhenius definition by not requiring the presence of water. Every Brønsted-Lowry acid has a conjugate base formed by the loss of a proton.
Brønsted-Lowry acid-base theory underpins titration chemistry, buffer design, biochemical pH regulation, and industrial acid-catalysed reactions (esterification, cracking). It explains proton transfer in enzymes and in synthesis of pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals.
Strong Brønsted acids (H₂SO₄, HCl, HNO₃) are severely corrosive to skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. Always use acid-resistant PPE (nitrile gloves, safety glasses, lab coat) and work in ventilated areas. Neutralise spills with sodium bicarbonate.
The formula or notation for Brønsted-Lowry Acid is: HA + B → A⁻ + BH⁺