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Boyle's Law

P₁V₁ = P₂V₂ (at constant T and n); PV = k
Quick Reference
Formula / NotationP₁V₁ = P₂V₂ (at constant T and n); PV = k
Also Known AsBoyle-Mariotte law, pressure-volume law, isothermal gas law

What is Boyle's Law?

Boyle's Law states that at constant temperature, the pressure of a fixed amount of ideal gas is inversely proportional to its volume (P ∝ 1/V, or PV = constant). First published by Robert Boyle in 1662, it is one of the gas laws and applies well to real gases at low pressures and moderate temperatures. It forms part of the ideal gas law.

Formula & Notation

P₁V₁ = P₂V₂ (at constant T and n); PV = k

Other Names / Synonyms: Boyle-Mariotte law, pressure-volume law, isothermal gas law

Properties & Characteristics

Boyle's law states that the pressure of a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature is inversely proportional to its volume: P ∝ 1/V, or PV = constant. It was established by Robert Boyle in 1662. The law applies to ideal gases; real gases deviate at high pressures and low temperatures. Graphically, P vs 1/V is linear; P vs V is a hyperbola (isotherm on a PV diagram).

Uses & Applications

Boyle's law is applied in the design of gas syringes, respirators, hydraulic systems, and scuba diving equipment. It explains why submarine ballast tanks, bicycle pumps, and compressed gas cylinders behave as they do. It is foundational in gas-law calculations in analytical and industrial chemistry.

Safety Information

Containers holding compressed gases are subject to Boyle's law: if heated, pressure rises and can cause rupture. Compressed gas cylinders must be stored away from heat sources. Never heat a sealed container of gas. In diving, rapid ascent causes expanding lung gas (Boyle's law) and barotrauma.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Boyle's Law
Formula P₁V₁ = P₂V₂ (at constant T and n); PV = k
Synonyms Boyle-Mariotte law, pressure-volume law, isothermal gas law

Frequently Asked Questions

Boyle's Law states that at constant temperature, the pressure of a fixed amount of ideal gas is inversely proportional to its volume (P ∝ 1/V, or PV = constant). First published by Robert Boyle in 1662, it is one of the gas laws and applies well to real gases at low pressures and moderate temperatures. It forms part of the ideal gas law.

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