A

Amino Acid

H₂N-CHR-COOH (α-amino acid)
Quick Reference
Formula / NotationH₂N-CHR-COOH (α-amino acid)
Also Known Asα-amino acids, amino carboxylic acids, proteinogenic amino acids, AA

What is Amino Acid?

Amino acids are organic molecules containing both an amino group (–NH₂) and a carboxyl group (–COOH) attached to the same carbon atom (the alpha carbon). They are the fundamental building blocks of proteins, with 20 standard amino acids encoded by the genetic code. The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain determines the protein's three-dimensional structure and function.

Formula & Notation

H₂N-CHR-COOH (α-amino acid)

Other Names / Synonyms: α-amino acids, amino carboxylic acids, proteinogenic amino acids, AA

Properties & Characteristics

Amino acids are organic compounds containing both an amino group (-NH₂) and a carboxyl group (-COOH) attached to the same carbon atom (α-carbon), along with a variable side chain (R group). There are 20 standard proteinogenic amino acids. They are amphoteric, existing as zwitterions at their isoelectric point (pI). Peptide bonds form between amino acids by condensation reactions.

Uses & Applications

Amino acids are the monomeric building blocks of proteins and enzymes. They are used in nutritional supplements, pharmaceutical synthesis, food flavouring (glutamate as MSG), and as chiral catalysts in asymmetric synthesis. Several serve as precursors to neurotransmitters (e.g., tyrosine → dopamine).

Safety Information

Dietary amino acids are generally safe. Excessive supplementation with individual amino acids can cause metabolic imbalances. Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetic condition where phenylalanine cannot be metabolised properly, requiring dietary restriction.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Amino Acid
Formula H₂N-CHR-COOH (α-amino acid)
Synonyms α-amino acids, amino carboxylic acids, proteinogenic amino acids, AA

Frequently Asked Questions

Amino acids are organic molecules containing both an amino group (–NH₂) and a carboxyl group (–COOH) attached to the same carbon atom (the alpha carbon). They are the fundamental building blocks of proteins, with 20 standard amino acids encoded by the genetic code. The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain determines the protein's three-dimensional structure and function.

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