Carboxamide, Acid amide, Peptide bond (in proteins)
What is Amide?
An amide is an organic functional group or compound containing a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to a nitrogen atom. Amides are formed by the reaction of carboxylic acids with amines, and are found in proteins (peptide bonds), nylon, and many pharmaceuticals. They are generally less reactive than other carbonyl compounds.
Other Names / Synonyms: Carboxamide, Acid amide, Peptide bond (in proteins)
Properties & Characteristics
Formed by reaction of carboxylic acid derivative (acyl chloride, anhydride, ester) with amine. Resonance between C=O and C−N gives partial double bond character — planar amide linkage, restricted rotation (cis/trans isomers possible). Stable to hydrolysis vs esters. Acidic hydrolysis: RCONH₂ + H₂O/H⁺ → RCOOH + NH₄⁺. Basic hydrolysis: RCONH₂ + NaOH → RCOONa + NH₃. Nylon formed by condensation of diamine + diacid (or from amino acid). Peptide bonds link amino acids in proteins.
Formamide and DMF are reproductive toxins (teratogenic) — avoid exposure during pregnancy. N,N-Dimethylformamide penetrates skin rapidly. Acrylamide (used in gel electrophoresis) is a neurotoxin and probable carcinogen — handle with gloves. Urea is relatively safe. β-Lactam antibiotics cause allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. Use PPE when handling amide solvents — check SDS for specific hazards.
Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.
SynonymsCarboxamide, Acid amide, Peptide bond (in proteins)
Frequently Asked Questions
An amide is an organic functional group or compound containing a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to a nitrogen atom. Amides are formed by the reaction of carboxylic acids with amines, and are found in proteins (peptide bonds), nylon, and many pharmaceuticals. They are generally less reactive than other carbonyl compounds.
Formamide and DMF are reproductive toxins (teratogenic) — avoid exposure during pregnancy. N,N-Dimethylformamide penetrates skin rapidly. Acrylamide (used in gel electrophoresis) is a neurotoxin and probable carcinogen — handle with gloves. Urea is relatively safe. β-Lactam antibiotics cause allergi…
The formula or notation for Amide is: −CONH− (amide linkage) | RCONH₂ (primary), RCONHR' (secondary)
Editorial standards: Chemical data is sourced from peer-reviewed literature,
CAS Registry, NIST WebBook, and PubChem. Safety information reflects guidance from OSHA, ECHA,
and IAEA. For educational purposes only — always consult official SDS documentation and qualified
professionals before handling chemicals.
