B

Binary Acid

HX (e.g., HCl, HBr, HF, HI)
Quick Reference
Formula / NotationHX (e.g., HCl, HBr, HF, HI)
Also Known AsHydroacids, binary hydracids, hydrogen halides (in aqueous solution)

What is Binary Acid?

A binary acid is an acid composed of only two elements: hydrogen and a nonmetal. Binary acids are named using the prefix "hydro-" followed by the name of the nonmetal with the suffix "-ic acid". Examples include hydrochloric acid (HCl), hydrobromic acid (HBr), hydrofluoric acid (HF), and hydrosulfuric acid (H₂S).

Formula & Notation

HX (e.g., HCl, HBr, HF, HI)

Other Names / Synonyms: Hydroacids, binary hydracids, hydrogen halides (in aqueous solution)

Properties & Characteristics

A binary acid is an acid composed of hydrogen and one other non-metal element (no oxygen). Examples include hydrochloric acid (HCl), hydrobromic acid (HBr), hydriodic acid (HI), and hydrofluoric acid (HF). Their acid strength increases down the halogen group: HF << HCl < HBr < HI, due to decreasing H-X bond energy. In aqueous solution they ionise: HX(aq) → H⁺(aq) + X⁻(aq).

Uses & Applications

Binary acids are widely used in industrial processes: HCl (steel pickling, PVC production), HF (semiconductor etching, uranium enrichment), HBr (pharmaceutical synthesis). They are used as laboratory reagents for pH adjustment, metal dissolution, and synthesis of salts.

Safety Information

Binary acids are corrosive and toxic. HF is extremely hazardous; it penetrates skin and reacts with calcium in bones (calcium gluconate antidote required). HCl and HBr fumes are respiratory irritants. All binary acids require fume hood use, acid-resistant gloves, and eye protection.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Binary Acid
Formula HX (e.g., HCl, HBr, HF, HI)
Synonyms Hydroacids, binary hydracids, hydrogen halides (in aqueous solution)

Frequently Asked Questions

A binary acid is an acid composed of only two elements: hydrogen and a nonmetal. Binary acids are named using the prefix "hydro-" followed by the name of the nonmetal with the suffix "-ic acid". Examples include hydrochloric acid (HCl), hydrobromic acid (HBr), hydrofluoric acid (HF), and hydrosulfuric acid (H₂S).

More "B" Terms

View all "B" terms →
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z