Y

Ylide

R₂S⁺-CH₂⁻ or R₃P⁺-CH₂⁻
Quick Reference
Formula / NotationR₂S⁺-CH₂⁻ or R₃P⁺-CH₂⁻
Also Known AsPhosphorus ylide, sulfur ylide, Wittig reagent, zwitterionic reagent

What is Ylide?

A neutral dipolar molecule containing formal positive and negative charges on adjacent atoms, neither of which carries a hydrogen atom. Phosphorus ylides (used in Wittig reactions) and sulfonium ylides are important reagents in organic synthesis for making alkenes from carbonyl compounds.

Formula & Notation

R₂S⁺-CH₂⁻ or R₃P⁺-CH₂⁻

Other Names / Synonyms: Phosphorus ylide, sulfur ylide, Wittig reagent, zwitterionic reagent

Properties & Characteristics

A ylide is a neutral molecule with opposite formal charges on adjacent atoms, typically where a carbon atom bearing a negative charge is bonded to a heteroatom (sulfur, phosphorus, nitrogen) bearing a positive charge. The carbon is carbanion-like and nucleophilic. Phosphorus ylides are used in the Wittig reaction to convert carbonyl compounds to alkenes. Sulfur ylides react with aldehydes to form epoxides.

Uses & Applications

Phosphorus ylides are key reagents in the Wittig reaction widely used in organic synthesis to make alkenes with precise double bond position. Sulfur ylides are used to prepare cyclopropanes and epoxides. Ylide chemistry is important in natural product and pharmaceutical synthesis.

Safety Information

Ylide reagents (phosphorus ylides, sulfur ylides) may be reactive and moisture-sensitive. Some are prepared using strongly basic conditions (n-BuLi) requiring inert atmosphere techniques. Triphenylphosphine oxide by-product from Wittig reaction is a waste issue.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Ylide
Formula R₂S⁺-CH₂⁻ or R₃P⁺-CH₂⁻
Synonyms Phosphorus ylide, sulfur ylide, Wittig reagent, zwitterionic reagent

Frequently Asked Questions

A neutral dipolar molecule containing formal positive and negative charges on adjacent atoms, neither of which carries a hydrogen atom. Phosphorus ylides (used in Wittig reactions) and sulfonium ylides are important reagents in organic synthesis for making alkenes from carbonyl compounds.

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