X-Ray Diffraction
| Formula / Notation | Bragg's law: 2d sinθ = nλ; powder or single crystal XRD |
|---|---|
| Also Known As | XRD, powder diffraction, Bragg diffraction, crystal diffraction |
What is X-Ray Diffraction?
The scattering of X-rays by the regular array of atoms in a crystal, producing a characteristic diffraction pattern. Bragg's law (nλ = 2d sinθ) relates the wavelength, interplanar spacing, and diffraction angle. The pattern is used to determine crystal structure and identify compounds.
Formula & Notation
Other Names / Synonyms: XRD, powder diffraction, Bragg diffraction, crystal diffraction
Properties & Characteristics
Uses & Applications
Safety Information
Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.
Key Facts
Frequently Asked Questions
The scattering of X-rays by the regular array of atoms in a crystal, producing a characteristic diffraction pattern. Bragg's law (nλ = 2d sinθ) relates the wavelength, interplanar spacing, and diffraction angle. The pattern is used to determine crystal structure and identify compounds.
Powder XRD is used in pharmaceuticals to identify polymorphic forms of drug substances, which affect solubility and bioavailability. It is used in geology and mineralogy to identify minerals. Materials science uses XRD to characterise new materials, thin films, and nanostructures.
XRD instruments use ionising X-radiation and must be properly shielded and interlocked. Operators must follow radiation safety protocols and undergo regular training. The instrument enclosure must not be opened while X-rays are generated.
The formula or notation for X-Ray Diffraction is: Bragg's law: 2d sinθ = nλ; powder or single crystal XRD