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Xanthate

RCSS⁻ (xanthate ion); CS₂ + NaOH + ROH → ROCSSNa
Quick Reference
Formula / NotationRCSS⁻ (xanthate ion); CS₂ + NaOH + ROH → ROCSSNa
Also Known AsXanthic acid salt, dithiocarbonate ester, flotation collector

What is Xanthate?

A salt or ester of xanthic acid (dithiocarbonic acid), with the general formula ROCS₂⁻. Xanthates are used in the froth flotation process to extract sulfide ores, as they selectively coat sulfide mineral particles making them hydrophobic. Also used as chemical intermediates.

Formula & Notation

RCSS⁻ (xanthate ion); CS₂ + NaOH + ROH → ROCSSNa

Other Names / Synonyms: Xanthic acid salt, dithiocarbonate ester, flotation collector

Properties & Characteristics

A xanthate is a salt or ester of xanthic acid (a carbodithioate), with the general formula ROCSS⁻. They are formed by reacting cellulose (or an alcohol) with carbon disulfide in the presence of a base. Xanthates are yellow solids or solutions with a characteristic unpleasant smell. They are good ligands and collectors for sulfide minerals.

Uses & Applications

Sodium xanthate derivatives are used as flotation agents in the mining industry to selectively separate sulfide minerals from gangue. Cellulose xanthate is an intermediate in the viscose process for producing rayon and cellophane. Metal xanthate complexes are studied as precursors in materials chemistry.

Safety Information

Carbon disulfide used in xanthate production is highly flammable and toxic. Xanthates decompose to release CS₂ and can be fire hazards. They should be handled in well-ventilated areas with appropriate personal protective equipment.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Xanthate
Formula RCSS⁻ (xanthate ion); CS₂ + NaOH + ROH → ROCSSNa
Synonyms Xanthic acid salt, dithiocarbonate ester, flotation collector

Frequently Asked Questions

A salt or ester of xanthic acid (dithiocarbonic acid), with the general formula ROCS₂⁻. Xanthates are used in the froth flotation process to extract sulfide ores, as they selectively coat sulfide mineral particles making them hydrophobic. Also used as chemical intermediates.

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