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X-Ray

X-ray: λ = 0.01-10 nm; E = hc/λ; Bragg: 2d sinθ = nλ
Quick Reference
Formula / NotationX-ray: λ = 0.01-10 nm; E = hc/λ; Bragg: 2d sinθ = nλ
Also Known AsX-radiation, Röntgen radiation, hard UV radiation

What is X-Ray?

High-energy electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between 0.01 and 10 nanometers. X-rays are produced when high-speed electrons strike a metal target. They penetrate matter and are used in medical imaging, materials analysis, and X-ray crystallography to determine crystal structures.

Formula & Notation

X-ray: λ = 0.01-10 nm; E = hc/λ; Bragg: 2d sinθ = nλ

Other Names / Synonyms: X-radiation, Röntgen radiation, hard UV radiation

Properties & Characteristics

X-rays are high-energy electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between 0.01 and 10 nanometres, lying between ultraviolet and gamma rays on the spectrum. They are produced when high-energy electrons strike a metal target (X-ray tube) or in synchrotron facilities. X-rays are penetrating and ionising, capable of passing through soft tissue while being absorbed by denser materials like bone. Their wavelengths are comparable to interatomic distances, enabling diffraction by crystals.

Uses & Applications

X-rays are used in medical radiography and computed tomography (CT) to image internal body structures. X-ray crystallography determines atomic-level structures of molecules including proteins and drugs. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is used for elemental analysis in materials science and geology.

Safety Information

X-rays are ionising radiation that can damage DNA and increase cancer risk. Medical exposures are minimised through lead shielding, distance, and limiting exposure time. Radiation workers must comply with dose limits and use personal dosimeters.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term X-Ray
Formula X-ray: λ = 0.01-10 nm; E = hc/λ; Bragg: 2d sinθ = nλ
Synonyms X-radiation, Röntgen radiation, hard UV radiation

Frequently Asked Questions

High-energy electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between 0.01 and 10 nanometers. X-rays are produced when high-speed electrons strike a metal target. They penetrate matter and are used in medical imaging, materials analysis, and X-ray crystallography to determine crystal structures.

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