T

Transition Metal

d-block elements; (n-1)d¹⁻¹⁰ns⁰⁻²; variable oxidation states
Quick Reference
Formula / Notationd-block elements; (n-1)d¹⁻¹⁰ns⁰⁻²; variable oxidation states
Also Known AsTransition element, d-block element, d-block metal

What is Transition Metal?

An element in groups 3-12 of the periodic table, defined by IUPAC as elements whose atoms or ions have incompletely filled d-subshells. Transition metals often form colored compounds and ions, exhibit multiple oxidation states, and form stable complexes with ligands.

Formula & Notation

d-block elements; (n-1)d¹⁻¹⁰ns⁰⁻²; variable oxidation states

Other Names / Synonyms: Transition element, d-block element, d-block metal

Properties & Characteristics

Transition metals are elements in Groups 3-12 of the periodic table characterised by partially filled d orbitals in the atom or common ions. They exhibit variable oxidation states, form coloured compounds, and act as catalysts. Most transition metals are hard, dense, and have high melting points. Their d orbitals allow complex formation with ligands.

Uses & Applications

Transition metals are vital industrial catalysts (iron in Haber process, vanadium in Contact process, platinum in catalytic converters). They are used in alloys including steel (iron-carbon), bronze (copper-tin), and brass (copper-zinc). Transition metal compounds are used in pigments, pharmaceuticals, and as MRI contrast agents.

Safety Information

Many transition metal compounds are toxic, particularly those of chromium(VI), cadmium, mercury, and lead. Proper handling and disposal are required. Some metals like nickel compounds are carcinogenic.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Transition Metal
Formula d-block elements; (n-1)d¹⁻¹⁰ns⁰⁻²; variable oxidation states
Synonyms Transition element, d-block element, d-block metal

Frequently Asked Questions

An element in groups 3-12 of the periodic table, defined by IUPAC as elements whose atoms or ions have incompletely filled d-subshells. Transition metals often form colored compounds and ions, exhibit multiple oxidation states, and form stable complexes with ligands.

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