T

Titration

Titrant volume × Titrant concentration = Analyte amount (from mole ratio)
Quick Reference
Formula / NotationTitrant volume × Titrant concentration = Analyte amount (from mole ratio)
Also Known AsVolumetric analysis, Titrimetry

What is Titration?

A quantitative analytical technique in which a solution of known concentration (titrant) is added to a known volume of solution of unknown concentration (analyte) until the reaction is complete (equivalence point). The volume of titrant used allows calculation of the analyte concentration.

Formula & Notation

Titrant volume × Titrant concentration = Analyte amount (from mole ratio)

Other Names / Synonyms: Volumetric analysis, Titrimetry

Properties & Characteristics

Types: acid-base (e.g., NaOH vs HCl, indicator: phenolphthalein or methyl orange), redox (KMnO₄ vs Fe²⁺, self-indicating), complexometric (EDTA vs metal ions, indicator: eriochrome black T), precipitation (AgNO₃ vs Cl⁻, Mohr method). Equivalence point: stoichiometric completion. Endpoint: indicator color change. Primary standards (potassium hydrogen phthalate for base, sodium oxalate for KMnO₄) must be pure, stable, high molar mass.

Uses & Applications

Quantitative analysis in quality control laboratories. Determination of acid strength, base concentration, water hardness. Clinical chemistry: blood glucose, cholesterol. Environmental testing: dissolved oxygen (Winkler method), water alkalinity. Pharmaceutical assay for active ingredient content. Industrial process control: acid content in vinegar, acidity in wine, NaOH in process streams.

Safety Information

Titrant chemicals range from mildly to severely hazardous. KMnO₄ is an oxidizer; concentrated NaOH causes burns. Potassium dichromate (K₂Cr₂O₇) is carcinogenic — use dichromate-free alternatives where possible. Mercury(II) nitrate (used in Volhard method) is highly toxic. Always handle titrant solutions with gloves and in a ventilated area. Dispose of waste according to local regulations.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Titration
Formula Titrant volume × Titrant concentration = Analyte amount (from mole ratio)
Synonyms Volumetric analysis, Titrimetry

Frequently Asked Questions

A quantitative analytical technique in which a solution of known concentration (titrant) is added to a known volume of solution of unknown concentration (analyte) until the reaction is complete (equivalence point). The volume of titrant used allows calculation of the analyte concentration.

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