Kinetic Molecular Theory
| Formula / Notation | KE_avg = (3/2)kT; PV = nRT |
|---|---|
| Also Known As | Kinetic theory of gases, KMT, molecular kinetic theory, ideal gas kinetic theory |
What is Kinetic Molecular Theory?
A model that explains the behavior of gases by describing gas molecules as small particles in constant random motion with elastic collisions. The theory explains gas laws, temperature as average kinetic energy, and diffusion. It forms the basis for understanding gas behavior at the molecular level.
Formula & Notation
Other Names / Synonyms: Kinetic theory of gases, KMT, molecular kinetic theory, ideal gas kinetic theory
Properties & Characteristics
Uses & Applications
Safety Information
Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.
Key Facts
Frequently Asked Questions
A model that explains the behavior of gases by describing gas molecules as small particles in constant random motion with elastic collisions. The theory explains gas laws, temperature as average kinetic energy, and diffusion. It forms the basis for understanding gas behavior at the molecular level.
KMT is used to derive: the ideal gas law (PV = nRT), Graham's law of effusion, Maxwell-Boltzmann speed distribution, mean free path, and collision frequency. It explains why gases expand to fill containers, why pressure increases with temperature (more energetic collisions), and why diffusion is fas…
KMT assumptions (no intermolecular forces, negligible volume) fail at high pressures and low temperatures, where real gas deviations lead to unexpected condensation or pressure behaviour. Process safety calculations must use real gas equations of state for conditions near the critical point.
The formula or notation for Kinetic Molecular Theory is: KE_avg = (3/2)kT; PV = nRT