K

Ketone

R₂C=O (ketone) | CH₃COCH₃ (acetone), CH₃COC₂H₅ (MEK)
Quick Reference
Formula / NotationR₂C=O (ketone) | CH₃COCH₃ (acetone), CH₃COC₂H₅ (MEK)
Also Known AsAlkanone, Carbonyl compound (internal)

What is Ketone?

An organic compound containing a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two carbon atoms, with general formula RCOR'. Ketones are polar, can form hydrogen bonds with water, and are good solvents. Acetone (propanone) is the simplest and most common ketone, widely used as a solvent.

Formula & Notation

R₂C=O (ketone) | CH₃COCH₃ (acetone), CH₃COC₂H₅ (MEK)

Other Names / Synonyms: Alkanone, Carbonyl compound (internal)

Properties & Characteristics

Carbonyl group flanked by two carbon groups (not H). Less reactive than aldehydes (no α-H on C=O carbon for oxidation). Do NOT give positive Tollens or Fehling tests. Nucleophilic addition: CN⁻, NaBH₄ (→ secondary alcohol), Grignard reagent, NH₂OH (→ oxime). Condensation reactions: aldol condensation (with enolizable ketones). Acetone (propanone): simplest ketone, excellent polar aprotic solvent, bp 56°C, miscible with water. IR: C=O stretch at ≈ 1715 cm⁻¹.

Uses & Applications

Acetone: most important ketone — industrial solvent (paints, adhesives, nail polish remover), synthesis of methyl methacrylate, bisphenol A, pharmaceuticals. Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK): industrial solvent. Cyclohexanone: nylon precursor via cyclohexanol. Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK): solvent for cellulose nitrate lacquers. Ketone bodies (acetoacetate, β-hydroxybutyrate, acetone) produced in diabetic ketoacidosis and ketogenic diets.

Safety Information

Acetone: highly flammable (flash point −20°C), LEL 2.5%. CNS depressant at high concentrations. May aggravate diabetic ketoacidosis. MEK: flammable, irritant, potential neurotoxin with n-hexane coexposure. Avoid all ketone solvent contact with open flames. Vapors heavier than air, accumulate at floor level. Regularly check vapor detectors in enclosed workspaces.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Ketone
Formula R₂C=O (ketone) | CH₃COCH₃ (acetone), CH₃COC₂H₅ (MEK)
Synonyms Alkanone, Carbonyl compound (internal)

Frequently Asked Questions

An organic compound containing a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two carbon atoms, with general formula RCOR'. Ketones are polar, can form hydrogen bonds with water, and are good solvents. Acetone (propanone) is the simplest and most common ketone, widely used as a solvent.

More "K" Terms

View all "K" terms →
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z