A substance that does not conduct electricity at low temperatures but does so at higher temperatures.
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Features of the Scanning Tunneling Microscope
The scanning tunneling microscope (STM) invented by Heinrich Rohrer and Gerd Binnig in the 1980s still manages to do a great job today and competes with more advanced microscope types. The scanning tunneling microscope is used for studying the surface atoms that are found on various materials. The...
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Varieties of garnet minerals
The most famous type of garnet stone is pyrope (flaming). This is the "oldest of garnets", with a dense red color, similar to the grain of an edible garnet. Pyrope has a variety called rhodolite - a stone of dense pink or pink-purple color, which sometimes has the alexandrite effect and is used in...
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Protein Design: Automated protein discovery and synthesis
In this paper I describe (theoretically) the method(s) of automated protein discovery and synthesis.
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The most expensive metal in the world
Do you think the most expensive metal is gold? No! On earth there are more valuable metals. But we need to divide the value of metals that occur in nature, and metals - isotopes, which are obtained in special laboratories. Let’s look at natural metals first.
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What are Compound Microscopes?
Most of the microscopes used today are compound. A compound microscope features two or more lenses. A hollow cylinder called the tube connects the two lenses. The top lens, the one people look through, is called the eyepiece. The bottom lens is known as the objective lens. Below the two lenses is...
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Mechanism
The sequence of steps by which reactants are converted into products.
Salt and its use in everyday life
Cooking salt is a product that is available in every kitchen, and it’s not as simple as it seems. The history of this product shows that it was valued like gold.
Coefficient of expansion
The ratio of the change in length or volumen of a body to the original lengthor volume for a unit change in temperature.
Salicylate
A salt or ester of salicylic acid.
Neutron
A neutral subatomic particle having a mass of 1.0087 amu.
Hydrolysis
The reaction of a substance with water or its ions.
Distillation
The separation of a liquid mixture into its components on the basis of differences in boiling points. The process in which components of a mixture are separated by boiling away the more volitile liquid.
Ionic Geometry
The arrangement of atoms (not lone pairs of electrons) about the central atom of a polyatomic ion.
Hydrate Isomers
Isomers of crystalline complexes that differ in whether water is present inside or outside the coordination sphere.
Mass Spectrometer
An instrument that measures the charge-to-mass ratio of charged particles.
