Reactions that do not go to completion and occur in both the forward and reverse direction.
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Why do copper products change color, and what is the name of the process?
Probably, every person wants to know, why over time the copper turns green and becomes bloomed. This is easy to explain: that film is called patina.
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Protein Design: Automated protein discovery and synthesis
In this paper I describe (theoretically) the method(s) of automated protein discovery and synthesis.
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What's In Your Beverage? How to Ensure Quality Control with CO2 Analytical Support
Calibration standards, performance audits, and the FDA's never-ending safety, labeling, and inspection requirements are just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to dealing with the increasingly stringent quality control standards of the beverage industry. As these quality standards become...
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Features of the Scanning Tunneling Microscope
The scanning tunneling microscope (STM) invented by Heinrich Rohrer and Gerd Binnig in the 1980s still manages to do a great job today and competes with more advanced microscope types. The scanning tunneling microscope is used for studying the surface atoms that are found on various materials. The...
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Use of diamonds
Diamond is a crystalline modification of pure carbon formed in the deep interior of the Earth, in the upper mantle at depths of more than 80-100 kilometers, at exceptionally high pressure and temperature. It is the most precious stone, the hardest and most wear-resistant mineral, the most...
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First Law of Thermodynamics
The total amount of energy in the universe is constant (also known as the Law of Conservation of Energy) energy is neither created nor destroyed in ordinary chemical reactions and physical changes.
Three ways to make patina at home
The first way is ammonia patination. To do this, take a plastic container. Put a couple of paper or ordinary towels at the bottom. Moisten them with ammonia. Then sprinkle with large table salt.
Raoult's Law
The vapor pressure of a solvent in an ideal solution decreases as its mole fraction decreases.
Functional Group
A group of atoms that represents a potential reaction site in an organic compound.
How to keep flowers in a vase for long time
The best gift for a woman, as you know, is a beautiful bouquet of flowers. But the cut flowers at home quite quickly wither. But your favorite roses or tulips can keep their freshness if you use our advice. Chemistry and various chemical elements will help us in this difficult matter!
Cis-Trans Isomerism
A type of geometrical isomerism related to the angles between like ligands.
Transition State Theory
Theory of reaction rates that states that reactants pass through high-energy transition states before forming products.
Carcinogen
A substance capable of causing or producing cancer in mammals.
Saturated Hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds. They are also called alkanes or paraffin hydrocarbons.
Amphiprotism
Ability of a substance to exhibit amphiprotism by accepting donated protons.
