P

Proton Affinity

PA = −ΔH(B + H⁺ → BH⁺)
Quick Reference
Formula / NotationPA = −ΔH(B + H⁺ → BH⁺)
Also Known AsGas-phase basicity, intrinsic basicity, proton affinity energy

What is Proton Affinity?

Proton affinity (PA) is a measure of the intrinsic basicity of a molecule — specifically, the negative of the enthalpy change when a proton (H⁺) is added to a neutral molecule in the gas phase: B + H⁺ → BH⁺. Unlike pKb (which includes solvation effects), proton affinity reflects only the intrinsic tendency to bind a proton. Higher proton affinity means stronger gas-phase basicity.

Formula & Notation

PA = −ΔH(B + H⁺ → BH⁺)

Other Names / Synonyms: Gas-phase basicity, intrinsic basicity, proton affinity energy

Properties & Characteristics

PA = −ΔH (proton addition). Units: kJ/mol. Water: PA = 697 kJ/mol. Ammonia: PA = 854 kJ/mol. Trimethylamine: PA = 948 kJ/mol. Trend: increases with electron-donating groups. Related to gas-phase basicity (GB = PA − TΔS). GB differs from solution pKa due to solvation.

Uses & Applications

Understanding gas-phase acid-base chemistry. Atmospheric chemistry calculations. Mass spectrometry (understanding ionization and fragmentation). Catalysis on solid surfaces. Chemical ionization mass spectrometry (reagent gas selection). Computational chemistry benchmarking.

Safety Information

Theoretical concept — no direct safety concerns.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Proton Affinity
Formula PA = −ΔH(B + H⁺ → BH⁺)
Synonyms Gas-phase basicity, intrinsic basicity, proton affinity energy

Frequently Asked Questions

Proton affinity (PA) is a measure of the intrinsic basicity of a molecule — specifically, the negative of the enthalpy change when a proton (H⁺) is added to a neutral molecule in the gas phase: B + H⁺ → BH⁺. Unlike pKb (which includes solvation effects), proton affinity reflects only the intrinsic tendency to bind a proton. Higher proton affinity means stronger gas-phase basicity.

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