P

Polar Covalent Bond

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Also Known AsPolar bond, heteropolar covalent bond, dipolar bond

What is Polar Covalent Bond?

A polar covalent bond is a covalent bond between two atoms of different electronegativities, resulting in unequal sharing of the bonding electrons. The more electronegative atom attracts the electrons more strongly, acquiring a partial negative charge (δ−), while the less electronegative atom acquires a partial positive charge (δ+). The degree of polarity is measured by the bond dipole moment.

Properties & Characteristics

Electronegativity difference: 0.4–1.9 (polar covalent). Partial charges: δ+ on less electronegative atom, δ− on more electronegative. Dipole moment μ = Q × d (charge × separation). Unit: debye (D). Examples: H-F (μ = 1.91 D), H-O (1.51 D), C-O (0.86 D). Nonpolar covalent: Δχ < 0.5. Ionic: Δχ > 2.0.

Uses & Applications

Explaining solubility (like dissolves like — polar solvents dissolve polar solutes). Intermolecular force prediction. Drug design (polarity affects absorption, distribution). Understanding acid-base strength. Reaction mechanism prediction (electrophilic attack at δ+ carbon). Material property prediction.

Safety Information

Theoretical concept — no direct safety concerns. Polar bonds determine many safety-relevant chemical properties.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Polar Covalent Bond
Synonyms Polar bond, heteropolar covalent bond, dipolar bond

Frequently Asked Questions

A polar covalent bond is a covalent bond between two atoms of different electronegativities, resulting in unequal sharing of the bonding electrons. The more electronegative atom attracts the electrons more strongly, acquiring a partial negative charge (δ−), while the less electronegative atom acquires a partial positive charge (δ+). The degree of polarity is measured by the bond dipole moment.

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