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Pauling Scale

Quick Reference
Also Known AsElectronegativity scale, Pauling electronegativity, electronegativity values

What is Pauling Scale?

The Pauling scale is the most widely used scale for measuring electronegativity of elements, developed by Linus Pauling in 1932. Electronegativity on this scale ranges from 0.7 (Fr) to 4.0 (F). Pauling defined electronegativity as the power of an atom in a molecule to attract electrons to itself. The scale is based on thermochemical data — bond dissociation energies of heteronuclear diatomic molecules.

Properties & Characteristics

Scale range: 0.7 (Fr) to 4.0 (F). Based on bond energy differences: Δ = E(A-B) − √(E(A-A)×E(B-B)). Electronegativity increases left to right across period. Decreases top to bottom in group. Fluorine: 4.0 (most electronegative). Cesium/Francium: ~0.7 (least electronegative). Common values: H=2.2, C=2.5, N=3.0, O=3.5, F=4.0, Cl=3.2.

Uses & Applications

Predicting bond polarity and type (ionic vs covalent). Predicting partial charges and dipole moments. Understanding acid-base strength. Predicting reactivity and reaction mechanisms. Molecular design. Teaching chemical bonding concepts.

Safety Information

Reference scale — no direct safety concerns.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Pauling Scale
Synonyms Electronegativity scale, Pauling electronegativity, electronegativity values

Frequently Asked Questions

The Pauling scale is the most widely used scale for measuring electronegativity of elements, developed by Linus Pauling in 1932. Electronegativity on this scale ranges from 0.7 (Fr) to 4.0 (F). Pauling defined electronegativity as the power of an atom in a molecule to attract electrons to itself. The scale is based on thermochemical data — bond dissociation energies of heteronuclear diatomic molecules.

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