Ostwald Process
| Formula / Notation | 4NH₃ + 5O₂ → 4NO + 6H₂O |
|---|---|
| Also Known As | Nitric acid synthesis, catalytic ammonia oxidation, nitric acid process |
What is Ostwald Process?
The Ostwald Process is the industrial method for producing nitric acid (HNO₃) from ammonia (NH₃). Developed by Wilhelm Ostwald in 1902, it involves three main steps: (1) catalytic oxidation of ammonia to nitric oxide (NO) using a platinum-rhodium catalyst at 850°C; (2) oxidation of NO to nitrogen dioxide (NO₂); (3) absorption of NO₂ in water to form nitric acid. It is one of the most important industrial chemical processes.
Formula & Notation
Other Names / Synonyms: Nitric acid synthesis, catalytic ammonia oxidation, nitric acid process
Properties & Characteristics
Uses & Applications
Safety Information
Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.
Key Facts
Frequently Asked Questions
The Ostwald Process is the industrial method for producing nitric acid (HNO₃) from ammonia (NH₃). Developed by Wilhelm Ostwald in 1902, it involves three main steps: (1) catalytic oxidation of ammonia to nitric oxide (NO) using a platinum-rhodium catalyst at 850°C; (2) oxidation of NO to nitrogen dioxide (NO₂); (3) absorption of NO₂ in water to form nitric acid. It is one of the most important industrial chemical processes.
Production of fertilizers (ammonium nitrate, NH₄NO₃). Explosives manufacturing (TNT, nitroglycerin). Nylon production (adipic acid synthesis). Metal etching and pickling. Rocket propellants. Pharmaceutical synthesis.
All stages involve hazardous substances: NH₃ (toxic, flammable), NO (toxic), NO₂ (highly toxic, corrosive), HNO₃ (strong oxidizing acid, corrosive). Platinum catalyst poisoned by sulfur. High-pressure operations require engineering controls. Industrial exposure limits: NO₂ = 3 ppm (TLV-C).
The formula or notation for Ostwald Process is: 4NH₃ + 5O₂ → 4NO + 6H₂O