N

Naphthalene

IUPAC: naphthalene

C10H8 Organic Compounds CAS 91-20-3
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Quick Reference
Formula / NotationC10H8
CAS Number91-20-3
Molecular Weight128.17
Melting Point176.4 °F (NTP, 1992)
Boiling Point424 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)
Density1.15 (NIOSH, 2024) - Denser than water; will sink
Solubilityless than 1 mg/mL at 72 °F (NTP, 1992)
AppearanceNaphthalene appears as a white crystalline volatile solid with a strong coal-tar odor. The solid is denser than water and insoluble in water. Burns, but may be difficult to ignite. In the molten fo...
Also Known As91-20-3; Naphthalin; Tar camphor; White tar; Albocarbon; Naphthene; Camphor tar; naphtalene; Naphthaline; Moth balls
CategoryOrganic Compounds

What is Naphthalene?

Naphthalene is an aromatic hydrocarbon comprising two fused benzene rings. It occurs in the essential oils of numerous plant species e.g. magnolia. It has a role as a volatile oil component, a carcinogenic agent, an apoptosis inhibitor, a mouse metabolite, a plant metabolite and an environmental contaminant. It is a member of naphthalenes and an ortho-fused bicyclic arene.

Formula & Notation

C10H8

IUPAC Name: naphthalene

Other Names / Synonyms: 91-20-3; Naphthalin; Tar camphor; White tar; Albocarbon; Naphthene; Camphor tar; naphtalene; Naphthaline; Moth balls

Properties & Characteristics

Appearance: Naphthalene appears as a white crystalline volatile solid with a strong coal-tar odor. The solid is denser than water and insoluble in water. Burns, but may be difficult to ignite. In the molten fo.... Molecular formula: C10H8. Molecular weight: 128.17 g/mol. Boiling point: 424 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992). Melting point: 176.4 °F (NTP, 1992). Density: 1.15 (NIOSH, 2024) - Denser than water; will sink. Solubility: less than 1 mg/mL at 72 °F (NTP, 1992). Vapor pressure: 0.05 mmHg at 68 °F ; 1 mmHg at 126.7 °F (NTP, 1992). LogP: 3.3.

Physical Data

PropertyValue
Melting Point176.4 °F (NTP, 1992)
Boiling Point424 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)
Density1.15 (NIOSH, 2024) - Denser than water; will sink
Molecular Weight128.17
Solubilityless than 1 mg/mL at 72 °F (NTP, 1992)
AppearanceNaphthalene appears as a white crystalline volatile solid with a strong coal-tar odor. The solid is denser than water and insoluble in water. Burns, but may be difficult to ignite. In the molten fo...

Uses & Applications

Used as an industrial feedstock, solvent, pharmaceutical intermediate, flavoring agent, or chemical building block.

Safety Information

Flammable or irritant. Many organic compounds are flammable liquids or vapours. Keep away from ignition sources. Consult SDS for specific hazard data.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Naphthalene
Formula C10H8
CAS Number 91-20-3
Molecular Weight 128.17
Synonyms 91-20-3; Naphthalin; Tar camphor; White tar; Albocarbon; Naphthene; Camphor tar; naphtalene; Naphthaline; Moth balls

Frequently Asked Questions

Naphthalene is an aromatic hydrocarbon comprising two fused benzene rings. It occurs in the essential oils of numerous plant species e.g. magnolia. It has a role as a volatile oil component, a carcinogenic agent, an apoptosis inhibitor, a mouse metabolite, a plant metabolite and an environmental contaminant. It is a member of naphthalenes and an ortho-fused bicyclic arene.

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Editorial standards: Chemical data is sourced from peer-reviewed literature, CAS Registry, NIST WebBook, and PubChem. Safety information reflects guidance from OSHA, ECHA, and IAEA. For educational purposes only — always consult official SDS documentation and qualified professionals before handling chemicals.