N

N-type Semiconductor

Quick Reference
Also Known AsElectron-type semiconductor, donor semiconductor, n-doped semiconductor

What is N-type Semiconductor?

An n-type semiconductor is a semiconductor that has been doped with donor impurities that contribute extra electrons (negative charge carriers) to the conduction band. In silicon, n-type doping is achieved by adding Group 15 elements (P, As, Sb) which have 5 valence electrons — one more than Si. The extra electron is loosely bound and easily excited into the conduction band, increasing electrical conductivity.

Properties & Characteristics

Majority carriers: electrons (negative). Minority carriers: holes. Dopants: P, As, Sb in Si; Si, Ge in GaAs. Donor level: just below conduction band (~0.05 eV for P in Si). Conductivity increases with dopant concentration. Fermi level shifts toward conduction band. n-type: more electrons than holes.

Uses & Applications

Transistors (BJT, MOSFET — n-type regions). Diodes (p-n junction). Solar cells (n-type layer). LEDs and laser diodes. Integrated circuits. Photodetectors. Sensors. Electronic devices.

Safety Information

Semiconductor dopant chemicals (phosphine PH₃, arsine AsH₃) used in doping processes are highly toxic. Arsenic compounds (As): carcinogenic. Semiconductor processing involves corrosive and toxic gases. Finished devices are safe in normal use.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term N-type Semiconductor
Synonyms Electron-type semiconductor, donor semiconductor, n-doped semiconductor

Frequently Asked Questions

An n-type semiconductor is a semiconductor that has been doped with donor impurities that contribute extra electrons (negative charge carriers) to the conduction band. In silicon, n-type doping is achieved by adding Group 15 elements (P, As, Sb) which have 5 valence electrons — one more than Si. The extra electron is loosely bound and easily excited into the conduction band, increasing electrical conductivity.

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