F

Fluorescence

Quick Reference
Also Known AsPhotoluminescence, luminescence, fluorescent emission, Stokes shift phenomenon

What is Fluorescence?

Fluorescence is a type of photoluminescence in which a molecule absorbs light at one wavelength and re-emits light at a longer wavelength (lower energy) almost instantaneously (within nanoseconds). The difference between excitation and emission wavelengths is called the Stokes shift. Fluorescence ceases immediately when the excitation source is removed, distinguishing it from phosphorescence.

Properties & Characteristics

Absorption: higher energy photon (shorter wavelength). Emission: lower energy photon (longer wavelength). Stokes shift: difference between absorption and emission maxima. Lifetime: typically 1–10 ns. Quantum yield: ratio of emitted to absorbed photons (0–1). Excited singlet state → ground state (spin-allowed transition).

Uses & Applications

Fluorescent lighting and LEDs. Biological imaging and microscopy (fluorescent dyes, GFP). Medical diagnostics (immunofluorescence, flow cytometry). Chemical analysis (fluorimetry). Fluorescent whitening agents in detergents. Security features in currency and documents. Gemstone identification.

Safety Information

UV radiation used to excite fluorescence is hazardous to eyes and skin. Some fluorescent dyes are toxic or carcinogenic. Fluorescent compounds in laboratory settings should be handled with appropriate PPE. X-ray fluorescence involves ionizing radiation.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Fluorescence
Synonyms Photoluminescence, luminescence, fluorescent emission, Stokes shift phenomenon

Frequently Asked Questions

Fluorescence is a type of photoluminescence in which a molecule absorbs light at one wavelength and re-emits light at a longer wavelength (lower energy) almost instantaneously (within nanoseconds). The difference between excitation and emission wavelengths is called the Stokes shift. Fluorescence ceases immediately when the excitation source is removed, distinguishing it from phosphorescence.

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