Spontaneous Reaction
| Formula / Notation | ΔG < 0 for spontaneous; ΔG = ΔH - TΔS |
|---|---|
| Also Known As | Thermodynamically favourable reaction, exergonic reaction, downhill reaction |
What is Spontaneous Reaction?
A reaction that proceeds in a given direction without requiring continuous external energy input under specified conditions. Spontaneity is determined by the sign of ΔG: negative ΔG means spontaneous. Spontaneous does not mean fast — diamonds converting to graphite is spontaneous but extremely slow.
Formula & Notation
Other Names / Synonyms: Thermodynamically favourable reaction, exergonic reaction, downhill reaction
Properties & Characteristics
Uses & Applications
Safety Information
Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.
Key Facts
Frequently Asked Questions
A reaction that proceeds in a given direction without requiring continuous external energy input under specified conditions. Spontaneity is determined by the sign of ΔG: negative ΔG means spontaneous. Spontaneous does not mean fast — diamonds converting to graphite is spontaneous but extremely slow.
The concept of spontaneous reactions guides industrial process design, identifying which reactions can be driven without excessive energy input. In biochemistry, spontaneous reactions (ΔG < 0) drive metabolic pathways. Battery operation relies on spontaneous redox reactions to generate electrical en…
Spontaneous exothermic reactions may be hazardous if uncontrolled, releasing heat rapidly. Understanding spontaneity helps assess the risk of runaway reactions in chemical processes.
The formula or notation for Spontaneous Reaction is: ΔG < 0 for spontaneous; ΔG = ΔH - TΔS